什么是NetBIOS（网络基本输入/输出系统）？

NetBIOS is an acronym for Network Basic Input/Output System which may seem a bit odd. NetBIOS is currently used mostly by Microsoft Windows operating systems in order to provide some services to the other network hosts. In this tutorial, we will learn NetBIOS and its services.

NetBIOS是Network Basic Input/Output System的首字母缩写，这似乎有些奇怪。 NetBIOS当前主要由Microsoft Windows操作系统使用，以便向其他网络主机提供某些服务。 在本教程中，我们将学习NetBIOS及其服务。

什么是NetBIOS？ (What Is NetBIOS?)

NetBIOS protocol is first created by IBM where it is implemented for Microsoft Windows operating systems. The time was 1985 when Microsoft implemented it for the MS-DOS. NetBIOS gained popularity with the Windows operating systems because of the Windows popularity. Even it is created to run on the Token Ring network it is also extended to run on 802.2 or Ethernet networks. NetBIOS is standardized with the RFC 1001 and RFC 1002 in order to run on TCP/UDP protocols which is simply an emulation.

NetBIOS协议首先由IBM创建，并在其中为Microsoft Windows操作系统实现。 1985年是Microsoft为MS-DOS实施它的时间。 由于Windows的流行，NetBIOS在Windows操作系统中获得了流行。 即使它被创建为在令牌环网络上运行，它也被扩展为在802.2或以太网网络上运行。 NetBIOS使用RFC 1001和RFC 1002进行了标准化，以便在TCP / UDP协议上运行，这只是一种仿真。

NetBIOS can work over TCP/IP port number 139. The client and server both use the TCP port 139 in order to call each other. Both sides can send and receive commands by calling each other. Another alternative for the NetBIOS port is UDP 138. Like TCP all communication is done over UDP 138.

NetBIOS可以在TCP / IP端口号139上工作。客户端和服务器都使用TCP端口139以便相互调用。 双方可以通过相互调用来发送和接收命令。 NetBIOS端口的另一个替代方法是UDP138。像TCP一样，所有通信都通过UDP 138完成。

NetBIOS服务 (NetBIOS Services)

NetBIOS provides three distinct services which are:

NetBIOS提供了三种不同的服务：

• `Name Service` is used for name registration and resolutions in the same LAN. This service is also called `NetBIOS-NS` in short.
  “名称服务”用于同一局域网中的名称注册和解析。 该服务也简称为“ NetBIOS-NS”。
• `Datagram Distributions Service` is used for connectionless communication and data transfer between NetBIOS clients. It is called `NetBIOS-DGM` in short.
  “数据报分发服务”用于NetBIOS客户端之间的无连接通信和数据传输。 简称为“ NetBIOS-DGM”。
• `Session Service ` is used for connection-oriented sessions and data transfer between NetBIOS clients. It is called `NetBIOS-SSN` in short.
  会话服务用于在NetBIOS客户端之间进行面向连接的会话和数据传输。 简称为“ NetBIOS-SSN”。

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名称服务 (Name Service)

Name service provides the following functions for NetBIOS hosts and groups.

名称服务为NetBIOS主机和组提供以下功能。

• `Add Name` function will register the selected NetBIOS names for the NetBIOS host. If it is already registered the registration will fail.
  “添加名称”功能将为NetBIOS主机注册所选的NetBIOS名称。 如果已经注册，注册将失败。
• `Add Group Name` will register the selected NetBIOS group name for the NetBIOS group.
  “添加组名”将为NetBIOS组注册所选的NetBIOS组名。
• `Delete Name` will delete already registered NetBIOS names whether it is a group name or hostname.
  “删除名称”将删除已经注册的NetBIOS名称，无论是组名还是主机名。
• `Find Name` will look up and find the given NetBIOS name on the network.
  查找名称将查找并在网络上找到给定的NetBIOS名称。

数据报分发服务 (Datagram Distribution Service)

Datagram Distribution Service provides the following function for NetBIOS hosts and groups.

数据报分发服务为NetBIOS主机和组提供以下功能。

• `Send Datagram` will send a datagram to the NetBIOS host for the specified NetBIOS name.
  “发送数据报”会将指定的NetBIOS名称的数据报发送到NetBIOS主机。
• `Send Broadcast Datagram` is used to send a datagram to multiple NetBIOS hosts for the specified NetBIOS names or groups.
  “发送广播数据报”用于将数据报发送到指定NetBIOS名称或组的多个NetBIOS主机。
• `Receive Datagram` will wait and accept datagram from other NetBIOS hosts.
  “接收数据报”将等待并接受来自其他NetBIOS主机的数据报。
• `Receive Broadcast Datagram` will wait for a broadcast datagram from other NetBIOS hosts.
  “接收广播数据报”将等待其他NetBIOS主机的广播数据报。

会议服务 (Session Service)

Sessions Service mainly used to manage sessions and data transfer over already established sessions.

会话服务主要用于管理会话和已建立的会话上的数据传输。

• `Call` will start a session to the specified NetBIOS name.
  “呼叫”将启动到指定NetBIOS名称的会话。
• `Listen` will wait to attempt a sessions request to the current NetBIOS host.
  “ Listen”将等待尝试向当前NetBIOS主机发出会话请求。
• `Hang Up` is used to close an already established NetBIOS session.
  “挂断”用于关闭已经建立的NetBIOS会话。
• `Send` will send a packet over the specified sessions.
  “发送”将通过指定的会话发送数据包。
• `Send No Ack` is the same as Send but it will not require an acknowledgment for the arriving of the packet.
  “发送无确认”与“发送”相同，但是不需要确认就可以到达数据包。
• `Receive` will want for an incoming packet from the session from the remote NetBIOS host.
  “接收”将需要来自远程NetBIOS主机的会话中的传入数据包。

nbtstat命令 (nbtstat Command)

nbtstat is a command-line tool used to run some NetBIOS functions. We can use nbtstat command in order to manage like register, list, remove local NetBIOS names. In the following example, we will list local NetBIOS names registered to the local system.

nbtstat是用于运行某些NetBIOS功能的命令行工具。 我们可以使用nbtstat命令来进行管理，如注册，列出，删除本地NetBIOS名称。 在下面的示例中，我们将列出注册到本地系统的本地NetBIOS名称。

> nbtstat -n

nbtstat Command List Local NetBIOS Names

nbtstat命令列表本地NetBIOS名称

翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-netbios-network-basic-input-output-system/