UEFI或统一可扩展固件接口

The first Personal Computer or PC is designed in 1980’s by IBM. This computer has different components and design from previously designed computers. This design is cloned by a lot of manufacturers. This computer boot sequence was like below.

第一台个人计算机或PC是由IBM在1980年代设计的。 该计算机具有与以前设计的计算机不同的组件和设计。 此设计被许多制造商克隆。 此计算机启动顺序如下所示。

BIOS -> Operating System

BIOS was  the first component that runs when computer starts. BIOS initialization hardware and make some checks and then start operating system resides in disk or network.

BIOS是计算机启动时运行的第一个组件。 BIOS初始化硬件并进行一些检查，然后启动驻留在磁盘或网络中的操作系统。

UEFI is next generation BIOS which provides a lot of functionalities. New computers are shipped with UEFI.

UEFI是提供许多功能的下一代BIOS。 新计算机随UEFI一起提供。

历史 (History)

Inter developed Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) 2005 . And used Windows related data formats.This standard is updated and version as UEFI 2.1 in 2007.

相互开发的可扩展固件接口(EFI)2005。 并使用与Windows相关的数据格式。此标准已更新并于2007年更新为UEFI 2.1。

好处 (Advantages)

UEFI has a lot of advantages over BIOS and other non standard firmware.

与BIOS和其他非标准固件相比，UEFI具有很多优势。

• Ability to boot large disks
  能够引导大磁盘
• CPU-independent architecture
  独立于CPU的架构
• CPU-independent drivers
  独立于CPU的驱动程序
• Flexible pre-OS environment
  灵活的OS之前环境
• Modular design
  模块化设计
• Backward and forward compability
  前后兼容性

服务(Services)

There are two type of services

服务有两种

• Boot Services: Services provides access to the various devices like bus, block and files services

  Boot Services ：服务提供对各种设备的访问，例如总线，块和文件服务

• Runtime Services provides access to the date, time, NVRAM for the operating system after the boot. CIA has used ExisBootServices for trojan injection

  Runtime Services提供对操作系统的日期，时间和NVRAM的访问。 CIA已使用ExisBootServices进行木马注入

应用(Application)

UEFI can load applications an run them accordingly.  The run time flow is operated like below.

UEFI可以加载应用程序并相应地运行它们。 运行时间流程如下所示。

Application

应用

安全启动(Secure Boot)

One of the most speculated feature for UEFI is secure boot feature. Because This feature prevents unsigned operating systems to boot. At the time Windows declared that it will prevent unsigned operating systems in preloaded PC’s.

UEFI最受推测的功能之一是安全启动功能。 因为此功能阻止未签名的操作系统启动。 Windows当时宣布它将阻止预装PC中未签名的操作系统。

贝壳 (Shell)

Shell provides interactive console to get various environment related information. Whit shell firmware information, memory map, modifying boot parameter, partitioning disk can be done.

Shell提供了交互式控制台以获取各种与环境相关的信息。 Whit Shell固件信息，内存映射，修改引导参数，分区磁盘都可以完成。

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翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/uefi-unified-extensible-firmware-interface/