Hard Disk Drive is computer hardware used to store different types of data like a file, folder, image, video, office documents permanently on a computer. Hard Disk Drive may have different names like Drive, Hard Drive, HDD, Disk, etc. In computer terminology, Hard Disk Drive is named as secondary storage.
硬盘驱动器是计算机硬件，用于将不同类型的数据永久存储在计算机上，例如文件，文件夹，图像，视频，办公文档。 硬盘驱动器可能具有不同的名称，例如驱动器，硬盘驱动器，HDD，磁盘等。在计算机术语中，硬盘驱动器被称为辅助存储。
硬盘驱动器类型 (Types Of Hard Disk Drives)
Mainly there two types of Hard Disk Drives according to their internal design and price/performance.
根据其内部设计和性价比，主要有两种类型的硬盘驱动器。
- Mechanical or Classical Disks contains a plate where data is stored. This plate is spun and data is read with the stick from the plate. 机械或经典磁盘包含一个用于存储数据的盘。 旋转该板，并用木棍从板上读取数据。
- Solid State Disk (SSD) contains flash cells where data is stored completely in electrical states. There is no mechanical part running in SSD’s. 固态磁盘(SSD)包含闪存单元，其中数据完全以电子状态存储。 SSD的内部没有机械部件。
机械或经典磁盘 (Mechanical or Classical Disk)
Mechanical or Classical Disks are developed long time ago. Most of the computers run these types of Hard Disk Drives. They are named as Mechanical because they have physically rotating and moving parts.
机械或经典磁盘是很久以前开发的。 大多数计算机运行这些类型的硬盘驱动器。 它们被称为机械的，因为它们具有物理上旋转和运动的部件。
We can see that there is a stick which is on the plate. Data will be read or written to the plate by this stick. The plate is spun with a rotator which is connected from the center of the plate.
我们可以看到盘子上有一根棍子。 该棒将读取或写入数据。 用旋转器旋转板，旋转器从板的中心连接。
每分钟旋转– RPM (Rotate Per Minute – RPM)
As Mechanical or Classical disks are spun with a rotator this will be related to the performance of the disk. Higher spin speeds mean higher performance. Spin speed is named as Rotate Per Minute. This means how many times a plate will rotate in a minute. This is called simply RPM. There are following RPM values for disks.
由于机械或经典磁盘是用旋转器旋转的，因此这与磁盘的性能有关。 更高的旋转速度意味着更高的性能。 旋转速度称为“每分钟旋转”。 这意味着一分钟内板将旋转多少次。 这简称为RPM。 磁盘有以下RPM值。
- 5400 is the slowest RPM in modern disk drives. This RPM Disk Drives are used in energy-efficient systems like laptops. 5400是现代磁盘驱动器中最慢的RPM。 该RPM磁盘驱动器用于节能型系统，例如笔记本电脑。
- 5900 is a special RPM. 5900是特殊的RPM。
- 7200 is a very popular RPM rate which is used in PC and high-performance Laptops. 7200是非常流行的RPM速率，用于PC和高性能笔记本电脑。
- 10000 RPM is generally used in enterprise hard disk drives like servers. 10000 RPM通常用于企业硬盘驱动器，例如服务器。
- 15000 RPM is a high-end enterprise disk drive. 15000 RPM是高端企业磁盘驱动器。
固态硬盘 (Solid State Disk)
Up to ten years ago Mechanical Disks were popular but a new type of Hard Disk Drive named Solid State Disk or SSD is invented. SSD works like Flash Memory and does not have a mechanical part. SSD is faster because there is no need to rotate a plate. Especially write performance or IOP’s are far better than classical disks. SSD’s were pricy but in recent years their prices are dropped and became cheaper.
直到十年前，机械磁盘还是很流行，但是发明了一种称为固态磁盘或SSD的新型硬盘驱动器。 SSD的工作方式类似于Flash Memory，并且没有机械部件。 SSD速度更快，因为无需旋转板。 特别是写入性能或IOP远远优于传统磁盘。 SSD的价格很高，但近年来它们的价格下降并变得更便宜。
SSD缓存磁盘驱动器-SSHD(SSD Cached Disk Drives- SSHD)
We have learned that there are two main types of Hard Disk Drives name Mechanical and SSD. Mechanical Disks are cheap but their performance is lower. SSD is very performative but their prices a higher. Disk vendors have created the Hybrid of the SSD and Mechanical Drive which is named SSHD. SSHD contained both of the disk types like 8, 16,32 GB SSD with 500, 1000, 2000 GB of Mechanical drive. Data writes and reads are stored on the SSD part and then synchronized with the mechanical drive. Simply the data is cached to the SSD before reading and writing to the Mechanical Drive.
我们已经了解到，硬盘驱动器有两种主要类型，分别是Mechanical和SSD。 机械磁盘价格便宜，但性能较低。 SSD具有很高的性能，但价格较高。 磁盘供应商创建了名为SSHD的SSD和机械驱动器的混合体。 SSHD包含两种磁盘类型，例如8、16、32 GB SSD和500、1000、2000 GB机械驱动器。 数据写入和读取存储在SSD部件上，然后与机械驱动器同步。 只需在读取和写入机械驱动器之前将数据缓存到SSD。
硬盘驱动器连接类型 (Hard Disk Drive ConnectionTypes)
Hard Disk Drives are connected to the mainboard of the system. There are different types of connections which are developed during the history. Here is one of the most popular of them.
硬盘驱动器已连接至系统主板。 历史上发展了不同类型的连接。 这是其中最受欢迎的之一。
- ATA or IDE is a very old connection type and protocol where a transfer rate of 100 MB/s can be reached. It is superseded by the SATA connection types. ATA或IDE是一种非常古老的连接类型和协议，可以达到100 MB / s的传输速率。 它已被SATA连接类型取代。
- PATA is a bit different version of ATA where Parallel lines are used to increase transfer rates. PATA是ATA的另一种版本，其中并行线用于提高传输速率。
- SATA is the new era of connection type where 3 Gb/s data can be transferred from the disk. SATA是连接类型的新纪元，其中可以从磁盘传输3 Gb / s数据。
- SATA2 is the newer version of the SATA where 6 Gb/s data can be transferred. SATA2是SATA的较新版本，可以传输6 Gb / s数据。
- SCSI is used in enterprise hard disk drives where it provides stability. SATA disks can be connected to the SCSI disks. SCSI用于提供稳定性的企业级硬盘驱动器中。 SATA磁盘可以连接到SCSI磁盘。
硬盘驱动器大小(Hard Disk Drive Sizes)
Hard Disk Drives can be in different sizes. Especially in ancient times, the disks were very big. But today with the help of nano and flash technology disk sizes are very decreased. Mainly following Hard Disk Drives Physical sizes are used in IT.
硬盘驱动器可以具有不同的大小。 尤其是在古代，磁盘很大。 但是今天借助nano和flash技术，磁盘的大小已大大减小。 主要用于硬盘驱动器在IT中使用物理大小。
- 2.5 Inch is used in mobile, low performance, or density required systems. These disks are used in laptops, TV, Modem, Firewall, or Servers with a lot of disks. 2.5英寸用于移动，低性能或高密度要求的系统。 这些磁盘可用于笔记本电脑，电视，调制解调器，防火墙或具有大量磁盘的服务器。
- 3.5 Inch is used in Desktop or PC systems. 3.5英寸用于台式机或PC系统。
硬盘容量 (Hard Disk Drive Capacities)
Hard Disk Drives may have different storage capacities. Hard Disk Drives supports the following storage capacities.
硬盘驱动器可能具有不同的存储容量。 硬盘驱动器支持以下存储容量。
- Less then 500GB 少于500GB
- 500 GB 500 GB
- 750 GB 750 GB
- 1 TB 1 TB
- 2 TB 2 TB
- 3 TB 3 TB
- 4 TB 4 TB
- 5 TB 5 TB
- 6 TB 6 TB
- 8 TB 8 TB
- 10 TB 10 TB
- 12 TB 12 TB
- 14 TB 14 TB
硬盘分区表和文件系统 (Hard Disk Partition Tables and File System)
Hard Disk Drives are used to store different types of data like Operating System, Files, Folders, Executable Files, Images, Documents, etc. In order to store this data, we need to use some partition table and file system which will store these data properly and in a structured manner. The following file systems can be used to use Hard Disk with different operating systems.
硬盘驱动器用于存储不同类型的数据，例如操作系统，文件，文件夹，可执行文件，图像，文档等。为了存储此数据，我们需要使用一些分区表和文件系统来存储这些数据适当且有条理地进行。 以下文件系统可用于将硬盘用于不同的操作系统。
- FAT is an old file system mainly used with Windows-based operating systems. FAT是主要用于基于Windows的操作系统的旧文件系统。
- NTFS is the newer version of the FAT file systems. NTFS是FAT文件系统的较新版本。
- EXT4 is a Linux based file system. EXT4是基于Linux的文件系统。
- BTRFS is a Linux based file system used enterprise servers. BTRFS是用于企业服务器的基于Linux的文件系统。
硬盘性能 (Hard Disk Drive Performance)
In the computer, hard disk drive performance is very important. We can use different techniques to make hard disk drives more performative.
在计算机中，硬盘驱动器的性能非常重要。 我们可以使用不同的技术来提高硬盘驱动器的性能。
- RAID is used with multiple disks to connect with a RAID card in different topologies.RAID will mainly read and write data into multiple disks. RAID与多个磁盘一起使用以连接不同拓扑中的RAID卡.RAID主要将数据读写到多个磁盘中。
- File System Defrag can be used to make the file system to put data more structured and defrag. 文件系统碎片整理可用于使文件系统使数据更加结构化和碎片整理。
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