什么是CPU（中央处理器单元）以及如何列出详细的CPU信息？

Central Processing Unit or simply CPU is the heart of a computer or server. CPU is used to process most of the data the computer provides. CPU runs operating systems, applications, tools, hardware tools. CPU connected to the motherboard or mainboard via a socket which provides a lot of pins to communicate with other components.

中央处理器或CPU只是计算机或服务器的心脏。 CPU用于处理计算机提供的大多数数据。 CPU运行操作系统，应用程序，工具，硬件工具。 CPU通过插座连接到主板或主板，插座提供许多用于与其他组件通信的插针。

CPU组件 (CPU Components)

CPU has mainly two components. They are called the Control Unit (CU) which responsible for fetching, processing, setting data, an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). A typical CPU also relies on the following components to function properly.

CPU主要有两个组件。 它们被称为控制单元(CU)，它负责获取，处理，设置数据，算术逻辑单元(ALU)。 典型的CPU还依赖于以下组件才能正常运行。

• Control Unit (CU)
  控制单元(CU)
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
  算术逻辑单元(ALU)
• System Clock to get time properly
  系统时钟以正确获取时间
• Memory to store data
  存储数据的内存
• Secondary storage to store data permanently
  辅助存储永久存储数据
• Data and Address Buses
  数据和地址总线

CPU控制单元(CPU Control Unit)

Control Unit as its name suggests controlling the behavior of the CPU. Control Unit extracts instructions from memory and decodes. After decoding the instructions to the binary it executes the binary instructions with the help of ALU.

顾名思义，控制单元建议控制CPU的行为。 控制单元从存储器中提取指令并解码。 将指令解码为二进制后，它将在ALU的帮助下执行二进制指令。

CPU算术逻辑单元(ALU) (CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU))

Arithmetic Logic Unit or ALU performs core processing operations like arithmetic and logic. Arithmetic operations are sum, binary shift and Logic operations are AND, OR, XOR, NOT, etc. For example, if the following examples can be calculated by the ALU unit.

算术逻辑单元或ALU执行诸如算术和逻辑之类的核心处理操作。 算术运算是求和，二进制移位，逻辑运算是AND，OR，XOR，NOT等。例如，如果可以通过ALU单元计算以下示例。

1 AND 0 = 1

1 OR 0 = 1

NOT 1 = 0

CPU时钟速度 (CPU Clock Speed)

One of the performance metrics for CPU is Clock Speed. CPU process data multiple times in a second. This frequency is called Clock Speed. Processing more in a single second provides more performance and processing power. The end of the 90’s frequency was about 400 MHz but currently, 4 GHz is the upper value for clock speed.

CPU的性能指标之一是时钟速度。 CPU一秒钟内多次处理数据。 该频率称为时钟速度。 在一秒钟内处理更多，可提供更高的性能和处理能力。 90年代末的频率约为400 MHz，但目前4 GHz是时钟速度的上限。

CPU超频 (CPU Overclock)

We have learned that Clock Speed is an important performance factor that is related to the processes data in a second. There are some tricks that can be used to increase the Clock Speed or performance of the CPU. This is called overlock which simply makes Clock Speed higher. This will make also the CPU become warmer. Overclocking will also risk the CPU because of the hot degree which makes the CPU burn with hot.

我们已经了解到时钟速度是一个重要的性能因素，它与一秒钟内的过程数据有关。 有一些技巧可以用来提高时钟速度或CPU的性能。 这称为超锁，仅使时钟速度更高。 这也将使CPU变热。 由于温度过高，超频也会对CPU造成威胁，这会使CPU过热烧毁。

CPU核心 (CPU Cores)

Old type CPU’s were running single instruction at a given time. The performance improvement is generally done with clock speed simply increasing the clock speed or frequency. But the clock speeds have some limits. In order to get higher performances CPU vendors have created a new technology called cores. CPU Core is an independent processing part where multiple of them can be put in a single CPU. This will make running multiple instructions at a given time with multiple cores in a single CPU.

旧型CPU在给定的时间运行单个指令。 通常仅通过增加时钟速度或频率来提高性能即可。 但是时钟速度有一些限制。 为了获得更高的性能，CPU供应商创建了一种称为内核的新技术。 CPU Core是一个独立的处理部分，可以将多个CPU放在一个CPU中。 这将使在给定时间在单个CPU中使用多个内核来运行多个指令。

CPU L1 / L2 / L3缓存 (CPU L1/L2/L3 Cache)

CPU process data with the ALU. But there is a lot of data to be processed and receiving all of them from RAM is a bit slow in some cases. CPU has Cache Memory which is Level 1 or L1, Level 2 or L2, and Level 3 or L3. These cache memories have very little size like 3MB, 6MB  because of their expensive price. But they are very fast because they are integrated into the CPU.

使用ALU的CPU进程数据。 但是有很多数据要处理，在某些情况下从RAM接收所有数据有些慢。 CPU具有1级或L1级，2级或L2级和3级或L3级的高速缓存。 这些高速缓存存储器的价格非常昂贵，只有3MB，6MB很小。 但是它们非常快，因为它们已集成到CPU中。

CPU与RAM的关系 (CPU and RAM Relation)

Random Access Memory or RAM is directly connected to the CPU to provide volatile memory or storage. Reading data from disk and writing to the disk is a very slow operation which will slow down the CPU. RAM provides fast access, read, and write operations. RAM also provides big memory sizes according to the Cache Memory like 4GB, 8GB, etc.

随机存取存储器或RAM直接连接到CPU，以提供易失性存储器或存储。 从磁盘读取数据并将数据写入磁盘是一个非常缓慢的操作，这会降低CPU的速度。 RAM提供快速访问，读取和写入操作。 RAM还根据缓存内存提供较大的内存大小，例如4GB，8GB等。

CPU架构 (CPU Architectures)

Over the years there are a different type of CPU’s and CPU architectures are created. CPU is very complex according to its working style like how to get data, read instruction, process data, put data etc.

多年来，存在不同类型的CPU，并且创建了CPU体系结构。 CPU的工作方式非常复杂，例如如何获取数据，读取指令，处理数据，放置数据等。

X86或32位 (X86 or 32 Bit)

x86 is one of the most popular CPU architecture. x86 is used in PC, Laptop, Server, and Mobile devices. Intel and AMD are the main manufacturers of these types of CPUs. x86 uses 32-bit instructions and data.

x86是最受欢迎的CPU架构之一。 x86用于PC，笔记本电脑，服务器和移动设备。 英特尔和AMD是这些类型的CPU的主要制造商。 x86使用32位指令和数据。

X64或64位 (X64 or 64 Bit)

x64 bit extensive version of x32. x64 bit uses 64-bit instructions and data. AMD is the creator of the x64 but Intel also uses this architecture too.

x32的x64位扩展版本。 x64位使用64位指令和数据。 AMD是x64的创造者，但英特尔也使用这种架构。

臂 (ARM)

ARM is one of the most popular CPU architecture after x86 and x64. ARM is mainly used in Mobile Phones, TVs, Embedded systems.

ARM是继x86和x64之后最受欢迎的CPU体系结构之一。 ARM主要用于移动电话，电视，嵌入式系统。

使用CPUID程序获取CPU信息 (Get CPU Information with CPUID Program)

We can use the CPUID tool in order to get detailed information about our CPU. We can download CPUID for Windows operating system from the following link.

我们可以使用CPUID工具来获取有关CPU的详细信息。 我们可以从以下链接下载Windows操作系统的CPUID。

http://download.cpuid.com/cpu-z/cpu-z_1.88-en.exe

Get CPU Information with CPUID Program

使用CPUID程序获取CPU信息

We can continue with a classical Windows installation procedure Next->Next.

我们可以继续经典的Windows安装过程Next-> Next。

CPU详细信息 (CPU Detailed Information)

In the following screenshot, the CPUID tool provides detailed information about current system CPU.

在以下屏幕截图中，CPUID工具提供了有关当前系统CPU的详细信息。

CPU Detailed Information

CPU详细信息

• The name provides the full name of the CPU which is Intel Xeon E5640 in this case.

  该名称提供CPU的全名，在这种情况下为Intel Xeon E5640 。

• Code Name is the nickname of the CPU which is Westmere-EP.
  代码名称是CPU的昵称，即Westmere-EP。
• The package is the CPU socket type used to connect mainboard or motherboard which is Socket 1366 LGA.
  该包装是用于连接主板或主板的CPU插座类型，即Socket 1366 LGA。
• Technology is the production size of the CPU elements which is 32 nanometer in this example.
  技术是CPU元件的生产尺寸，在此示例中为32纳米。
• The specification is the detailed information about the CPU standard which is Intel Xeon CPU X5650 @ 2.67 GHz.
  该规范是有关CPU标准的详细信息，该标准是2.67 GHz @ Intel Xeon CPU X5650。
• Family, Model, Stepping, Ext. Family, Ext. Model and Revision provides the CPU Model name version in a numerical way.
  家庭，模特，踏步，内线家庭，分机。 型号和修订以数字方式提供CPU型号名称版本。
• Instructions provide the capabilities and instructions supported by the CPU which is MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, EM64T, Vt-x, AES.
  指令提供了CPU支持的功能和指令，这些CPU是MMX，SSE，SSE2，SSE3，SSE4.1，SSE4.2，EM64T，Vt-x，AES。
• Core Speed provides the Clock Speed or frequency of the CPU which is 2660.00 MHz in this case.
  在这种情况下，核心速度提供了CPU的时钟速度或频率为2660.00 MHz。
• Cache shows L1/L2/L3 cache memory size which is 64KB, 256KB, 12 MB in this case.
  高速缓存显示L1 / L2 / L3高速缓存内存大小，在这种情况下为64KB，256KB，12MB。

翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-cpu-central-processor-unit-and-how-to-list-detailed-cpu-information/