计算机网络集线器中继器_什么是网络集线器？

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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-30 17:37:19 发布

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文章标签：网络交换机网络协议物联网人工智能

原文链接：https://www.poftut.com/what-is-network-hub/

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计算机网络集线器中继器

Network Hub is one of the most basic computer network devices. Network hub created a lot of time ago fr basic local network connectivity which. Today’s network hub is rarely used for computer networks because of its disadvantages against the Network Switches.

Network Hub是最基本的计算机网络设备之一。网络集线器在很长时间以前就创建了基本的本地网络连接。当今的网络集线器因其对Network Switches不利影响而很少用于计算机网络。

什么是网络集线器？ (What Is Network Hub?)

As its name suggests Network Hub provides a central point to connect the computer network traffic. A network hub has RJ-45 ports where computers are connected to a network bus inside the hub. Every network traffic and signal are transmitted to all connected ports and computers via this bus. This mechanism is called broadcasting where all computers get network packages regardless of related to them.

顾名思义， Network Hub提供了连接计算机网络流量的中心点。网络集线器具有RJ-45端口，计算机将RJ-45端口连接到集线器内部的网络总线。每个网络流量和信号都通过此总线传输到所有连接的端口和计算机。这种机制称为广播，其中所有计算机都将获得与网络软件包无关的网络软件包。

In some cases, modern network switches can be called a network hub because of the same functionality. This especially occurs if the given network switch has very few port numbers like 4 or 6 because of the physical similarity to the network hub.

在某些情况下，由于相同的功能，现代网络交换机可以称为网络集线器。如果给定的网络交换机由于与网络集线器的物理相似性而具有很少的端口号(例如4或6)，则尤其会发生这种情况。

网络集线器如何工作？ (How Network Hub Works?)

As a cheap network connectivity solution network hubs do not provide intelligent network traffic management. Network hubs only transmit network packet’s electrical signals to all connected devices. According to OSI reference model network hubs work at Layer 1 where only electrical signals work. Network hubs can not destinate the network packets because they do not understand higher network layers like OSI Layer 2 like ethernet protocol. Network hubs also cannot detect a collision when two different computers or hosts send packets at the same time which will interfere with each other. Also, network hubs do not understand higher-level network protocols like IP, HTTP, etc. because they work in the OSI layer 3 and higher.

作为一种廉价的网络连接解决方案，网络集线器不提供智能的网络流量管理。网络集线器仅将网络数据包的电信号传输到所有连接的设备。根据OSI参考模型，网络集线器在仅电信号起作用的第1层工作。网络集线器无法确定网络数据包的位置，因为它们无法理解更高的网络层(例如OSI第2层，例如以太网协议)。当两台不同的计算机或主机同时发送会相互干扰的数据包时，网络集线器也无法检测到冲突。而且，网络集线器不理解IP，HTTP等更高级别的网络协议，因为它们在OSI第三层或更高层中工作。

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网络集线器的优势(Network Hub Advantages)

Even the network hub is an old and low-level technology it may have some advantages for use.

即使网络集线器是一种古老的低级技术，使用起来也可能具有一些优势。

Network hubs are very low in cost because of restricted features.
由于功能受限，网络集线器的成本非常低。
Network hubs can work in very harsh environments without a problem.
网络集线器可以在非常恶劣的环境中正常工作。

网络集线器的缺点 (Network Hubs Disadvantages)

In general with the advancement of the technology network switches emerged which put the network hubs into a disadvantaged position.

通常，随着技术的发展，出现了使网络集线器处于不利位置的网络交换机。

`Network Hubs` provides very little technology and features.
“网络集线器”提供的技术和功能很少。
`Network Hubs` can not prevent network collusions.
“网络集线器”不能阻止网络共谋。
`Network Hubs` do not switch packets to the recipient directly.
“网络集线器”不会将数据包直接切换到接收者。
`Network Hubs` are slower than network switches.
“网络集线器”比网络交换机慢。
`Network Hubs` operates as half-duplex where only a single host or computer can send signal others must listen.
“网络集线器”是半双工的，其中只有一台主机或计算机可以发送信号，其他人也必须收听。
`Network Hubs` can listen with network sniffers easily which creates a network security problem.
“网络集线器”可以轻松侦听网络嗅探器，从而造成网络安全问题。

网络集线器与网络交换机 (Network Hub vs Network Switch)

Network hubs and network switches provide similar functionalities with different technologies and features. Let’s compare network hubs with network switches.

网络集线器和网络交换机通过不同的技术和功能提供相似的功能。让我们比较一下网络集线器和网络交换机。

`Network Hubs` operate in the Physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model where `Network Switches` operates in the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
“网络集线器”在OSI模型的物理层(第1层)中运行，而“网络交换机”在OSI模型的数据链路层(第2层)中运行。
`Network Hubs` are non-intelligent network devices that simply send messages to all ports where `Network Switches` are intelligent network devices they send messages to the selected recipients.
“网络集线器”是非智能网络设备，仅将消息发送到所有端口，而“网络交换机”是智能网络设备，它们将消息发送到选定的收件人。
`Network Hubs` broadcasts messages where `Network Switches` switch or unicast, multicast and broadcast messages according to the situation.
“网络集线器”广播消息，其中“网络交换机”根据情况进行切换或单播，多播和广播消息。
`Network Hubs` work as half-duplex where `Network Switches` work as full-duplex.
“网络集线器”用作半双工，而“网络交换机”用作全双工。
`Network Hubs` generally creates network or packet collision where `Network Switches` do not create a network or packet collision.
“网络集线器”通常会造成网络或数据包冲突，而“网络交换机”不会造成网络或数据包冲突。
`Network Hubs` are passive devices where they do not have any software or firmware where `Network Switches` are active devices they equipped with some software of firmware to act intelligently.
“网络集线器”是无源设备，它们没有任何软件或固件，而“网络交换机”是有源设备，它们配备有一些固件软件可以智能地运行。
`Network Hubs` generally has less port count like 4/12 where `Network Switches` has more port count like 24/48.
“网络集线器”通常具有较少的端口数(例如4/12)，而“网络交换机”具有较多的端口数，例如24/48。