docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统，包含镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档的地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cli/
镜像命令
docker image 查看所有本地的主机上的所有镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 4 months ago 13.3kB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 7 months ago 209MB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像标签(版本信息)
IMAGE ID 镜像ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
docker images -a # 列出所有的镜像
docker images -q # 列出所有镜像的ID号
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11299 [OK]
# 可选项 通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
# 命令格式例子：
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
``
docker pull 下载镜像
```shell
# 下载镜像docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag，默认下载latest(最新的)
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
e1acddbe380c: Pull complete # 分层下载：docker image的核心 联合文件系统
bed879327370: Pull complete
03285f80bafd: Pull complete
ccc17412a00a: Pull complete
1f556ecc09d1: Pull complete
adc5528e468d: Pull complete
1afc286d5d53: Pull complete
6c724a59adff: Pull complete
0f2345f8b0a3: Pull complete
c8461a25b23b: Pull complete
3adb49279bed: Pull complete
77f22cd6c363: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d45561a65aba6edac77be36e0a53f0c1fba67b951cb728348522b671ad63f926
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 下面两者等价
docker pull mysql
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
e1acddbe380c: Already exists
bed879327370: Already exists
03285f80bafd: Already exists
ccc17412a00a: Already exists
1f556ecc09d1: Already exists
adc5528e468d: Already exists
1afc286d5d53: Already exists
4d2d9261e3ad: Pull complete
ac609d7b31f8: Pull complete
53ee1339bc3a: Pull complete
b0c0a831a707: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7cf2e7d7ff876f93c8601406a5aa17484e6623875e64e7acc71432ad8e0a3d7e
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID # 删除指定的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID # 删除多个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像
容器命令
说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器。
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字，用于区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:9090
-p 主机端口：容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name=centos01 -it centos /bin/bash
[root@e3a2c98628fb /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的！
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@e3a2c98628fb /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
列出所有运行中的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器加上历史运行过的容器
-n=？ #显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号(ID)
[root@localhost /]# docker ps # 列出当前正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a # 列出当前正在运行的容器加上历史运行过的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e3a2c98628fb centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago centos01
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -aq #只显示容器的编号
e3a2c98628fb
34d9616e7b27
94567d54cc11
退出容器
exit # 直接停止容器并退出
ctrl+P+Q # 容器不停止退出(后台运行)
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要删除需要加-f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
其他命令
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名!
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos # 以后台启动
42fa2b497a793e20400ca7a1a1ede8af5c047bfa9044cd88f5d6650b2c59c681
# 问题docker ps，发现centos停止了
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止。
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了。
查看日志命令
docker logs -f -t --tail number 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 0a6de1359a00
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 显示日志跳数
查看容器中进程信息
# docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 0a6de1359a00
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 4364 4344 0 23:21 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo
查看镜像的元数据
# docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker inspect 0a6de1359a00
[
{
"Id": "0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157",
"Created": "2021-08-19T03:21:25.70153708Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 4364,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-08-19T03:21:26.461057357Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157/0a6de1359a006b0c46524dd11681033a57ce4030e7c8a790fe5cf68a00fe2157-json.log",
"Name": "/strange_banach",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "devicemapper",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"DeviceId": "75",
"DeviceName": "docker-253:0-134330004-89b326d7c1244b2ca08cc0bd3395e5ae137cfdc1557aecd790597568a94dc698",
"DeviceSize": "10737418240"
},
"Name": "devicemapper"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "0a6de1359a00",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "fa50f49edd70d19e406564606f74a22a5a7fc786dfb441427c925327eaab52c5",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/fa50f49edd70",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "32a32807c8259f5610fde30dec2889cae8451761f5fdfe323d18f64df567a33c",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "5c4027be5f90d3adffed81a50ebebc7b555335d16411db4a36718d978ace5c70",
"EndpointID": "32a32807c8259f5610fde30dec2889cae8451761f5fdfe323d18f64df567a33c",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@localhost /]#
进入当前运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令一
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it 0a6de1359a00 /bin/bash
[root@0a6de1359a00 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@0a6de1359a00 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 03:21 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo xiao;sleep 1
root 576 0 0 03:30 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 595 1 0 03:31 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=
root 596 576 0 03:31 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 命令二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker attach 0a6de1359a00
docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的终端。
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的路径
# 测试
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 0a6de1359a00:/home/test.python /home
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