ThreadLocal基本知识点分析

一. ThreadLocal是什么？

ThreadLocal是一个将在多线程中为每一个线程创建单独的变量副本的类; 当使用ThreadLocal来维护变量时, ThreadLocal会为每个线程创建单独的变量副本, 避免因多线程操作共享变量而导致的数据不一致的情况。

二. ThreadLocal使用方法

1、将需要被多线程访问的属性使用ThreadLocal变量来定义;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DBConnectionFactory {

    private static final ThreadLocal<Connection> dbConnectionLocal = new ThreadLocal<Connection>() {
        @Override
        protected Connection initialValue() {
            try {
                return DriverManager.getConnection("", "", "");
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    };

    public Connection getConnection() {
        return dbConnectionLocal.get();
    }
}

这样在Client获取Connection的时候, 每个线程获取到的Connection都是该线程独有的, 做到Connection的线程隔离; 所以并不存在线程安全问题。

三. 分析set(),get()方法

public void set(T value) {
		//获取当前的线程
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        //获取到当前线程的变量threadLocals，在Thread中定义， ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
     //如果当前线程的threadLocals是否初始化
        if (map != null)
        //已经初始化(即不为null)但是不存在以当前ThreadLocal对象为Key的的对象,
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
 }
 //set设置值
 private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {

            // We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
            // least as common to use set() to create new entries as
            // it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
            // path would fail more often than not.

            Entry[] tab = table;
            int len = tab.length;
            //计算索引值
            int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);

            for (Entry e = tab[i];e != null;e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]){
                ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
                //如果当前线程的threadLocals已经初始化(即不为null) 并且存在以当前
                //ThreadLocal对象为Key的值, 则直接返回当前线程要获取的对象(本例中为Connection);
                if (k == key) {
                    e.value = value;
                    return;
                }
	//如果当前线程的threadLocals已经初始化(即不为null)但是不存在以当前ThreadLocal对象为Key的的对象, 
	//那么重新创建一个Connection对象, 并且添加到当前线程的threadLocals Map中,并返回
                if (k == null) {
                    replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
                    return;
                }
            }

            tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
            int sz = ++size;
            if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
                rehash();
        }
 //初始化threadLocals
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
        t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
    }

1、set()方法的步骤：

1. 首先获取当前线程对象t, 然后从线程t中获取到ThreadLocalMap的成员属性threadLocals
2. 如果当前线程的threadLocals已经初始化(即不为null) 并且存在以当前ThreadLocal对象为Key的值, 则直接返回当前线程要获取的对象(本例中为Connection);
3. 如果当前线程的threadLocals已经初始化(即不为null)但是不存在以当前ThreadLocal对象为Key的的对象, 那么重新创建一个Connection对象, 并且添加到当前线程的threadLocals Map中,并返回
4. 如果当前线程的threadLocals属性还没有被初始化, 则重新创建一个ThreadLocalMap对象, 并且创建一个Connection对象并添加到ThreadLocalMap对象中并返回。

ThreadLocal转载，这个写的很好