1. tomcat简介
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会(Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持,最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现,Tomcat 5支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应HTML(标准通用标记语言下的一个应用)页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat是Apache 服务器的扩展,但运行时它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的。
诀窍是,当配置正确时,Apache 为HTML页面服务,而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外,Tomcat和IIS等Web服务器一样,具有处理HTML页面的功能,另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器,独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过,Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为9.0
tomcat就是传说中的中间件之一,tomcat本身是一个容器,专门用来运行java程序,java语言开发的网页.jsp就应该运行于tomcat中。而tomcat本身的运行也依赖于jdk环境。
tomcat应用场景:lnmt
2. tomcat项目部署
2.1 java环境安装
//安装jdk环境
[root@cwt ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
.....安装过程略
//查看安装的版本
[root@cwt ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_222"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_222-b10)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.222-b10, mixed mode)
2.2 tomcat部署
//下载Tomcat
[root@cwt ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@cwt src]# wget wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.24/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.24.tar.gz
//解压部署
[root@cwt src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.24.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@cwt src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@cwt local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.24/ tomcat
[root@cwt local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 220 8月 30 10:16 apache-tomcat-9.0.24
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 3月 16 22:14 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 src
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 8月 30 10:17 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-9.0.24/
//写一个hello world的java页面
[root@cwt ~]# vim index.jsp
[root@cwt ~]# cat index.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>test page</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("Hellow World");
%>
</body>
</html>
[root@cwt ~]# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
[root@cwt ~]# cp index.jsp /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
[root@cwt ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 142 8月 30 11:42 index.jsp
//启动tomcat
[root@cwt ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@cwt ~]# ps -ef|grep tomcat
root 5717 1 8 11:42 pts/0 00:00:02 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
[root@cwt ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
在浏览器访问
2.3 开启管理模块
#点击上面三个会报错,需要复制报错提示修改配置文件
- 修改配置文件 /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
[root@cwt ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@cwt conf]# ls
Catalina context.xml logging.properties tomcat-users.xsd
catalina.policy jaspic-providers.xml server.xml web.xml
catalina.properties jaspic-providers.xsd tomcat-users.xml
[root@cwt conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="chen123" roles="manager-gui"/>
</tomcat-users> ## 在此行前面添加以上内容
manager-gui是管理Server status和Manager App项
- 修改配置文件 /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml
[root@cwt ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@cwt webapps]# ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT test
[root@cwt webapps]# cd manager/
[root@cwt manager]# ls
images index.jsp META-INF status.xsd WEB-INF xform.xsl
[root@cwt manager]# cd META-INF/
[root@cwt META-INF]# ls
context.xml
[root@cwt META-INF]# vim context.xml
allow="192\.\d+\.\d+\.\d|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
- 重启tomcat
[root@cwt META-INF]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@cwt META-INF]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
现在可以进入Server status和Manager App
但是现在点击Host Manager会报错
- 修改配置文件 /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager/META-INF/context.xml
[root@cwt ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@cwt tomcat]# ls
bin conf lib logs README.md RUNNING.txt webapps
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES temp work
[root@cwt tomcat]# cd webapps/
[root@cwt webapps]# ls
docs examples host-manager manager ROOT test
[root@cwt webapps]# cd host-manager/
[root@cwt host-manager]# ls
images index.jsp manager.xml META-INF WEB-INF
[root@cwt host-manager]# cd META-INF/
[root@cwt META-INF]# ls
context.xml
[root@cwt META-INF]# vim context.xml
allow="192\.\d+\.\d+\.\d|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
- 重启tomcat服务
[root@cwt ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@cwt ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@cwt ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@cwt conf]# ls
Catalina context.xml logging.properties tomcat-users.xsd
catalina.policy jaspic-providers.xml server.xml web.xml
catalina.properties jaspic-providers.xsd tomcat-users.xml
[root@cwt conf]# vim tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="chen123" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/> # 添加admin-gui
点击Host Manager的按钮,输入密码即可进入