C语言实现PING程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#define MAX_WAIT_TIME   5 /* 最大等待时间 */
#define MAX_NO_PACKETS  4 /* 一次ping发送的ICMP数目 */
#define PACKET_SIZE     4096 /* ICMP包大小 */
int cxsend = 0, cxreceived = 0;
struct sockaddr_in dest_addr; /* 目标地址 */
pid_t pid; /* 记录进程ID */
struct sockaddr_in from;
struct timeval recvtime;  /* 记录时间 */
char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE];  /* 发送包 */
char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE];  /* 接收包 */
int sockfd, datalen = 56;

void statistics(int signo);
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr, int len);
int pack(int pack_no);
void send_packet(void);
void recv_packet(void);
int unpack(char *buf, int len);
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in);
void statistics(int signo) {
	printf("\n--------------------PING statistics-------------------\n");
	printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received , %%%d lost\n", cxsend,
			cxreceived, (cxsend - cxreceived) / cxsend * 100);
	close(sockfd);
	exit(1);
}

/*去除ICMP报头*/
int unpack(char *buf, int len) {
	int iphdrlen;
	struct ip *ip;
	struct icmp *icmp;
	struct timeval *tvsend;
	double rtt;
	ip = (struct ip *) buf;
	iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; /*ip报头的长度标志乘4求得ip报头长度*/
	icmp = (struct icmp *) (buf + iphdrlen); /*越过ip报头,指向ICMP报头*/
	len -= iphdrlen; /*ICMP报头及ICMP数据报的总长度*/
	if (len < 8) /*小于ICMP报头长度则不合理*/
	{
		printf("ICMP packets\'s length is less than 8\n");
		return -1;
	}
	/*确保所接收的是目标主机所发的的ICMP的回应*/
	if ((icmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) && (icmp->icmp_id == pid)) {
		tvsend = (struct timeval *) icmp->icmp_data;
		tv_sub(&recvtime, tvsend); /*接收和发送的时间差*/
		rtt = recvtime.tv_sec * 1000 + recvtime.tv_usec / 1000; /*以毫秒为单位计算rtt*/
		printf("%d byte from %s: icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d rtt=%.3f ms\n", len,
				inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr), icmp->icmp_seq, ip->ip_ttl, rtt);
	} else {
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}
/*接收所有的ICMP报文*/
void recv_packet() {
	int n, fromlen;
	extern int errno;
	signal(SIGALRM, statistics);
	fromlen = sizeof(from);
	while (cxreceived < cxsend) {
		alarm(MAX_WAIT_TIME);
		if ((n = recvfrom(sockfd, recvpacket, sizeof(recvpacket), 0,
				(struct sockaddr *) &from, (socklen_t*) &fromlen)) < 0) {
			if (errno == EINTR)
				continue;
			perror("recvfrom error");
			continue;
		}
		gettimeofday(&recvtime, NULL); /*记录接收时间*/
		if (unpack(recvpacket, n) == -1) {
			continue;
		}
		cxreceived++;
	}
}
/*校验和算法*/
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr, int len) {
	int nleft = len;
	int sum = 0;
	unsigned short *w = addr;
	unsigned short answer = 0;
	/*把ICMP报头二进制数据以2字节为单位累加起来*/
	while (nleft > 1) {
		sum += *w++;
		nleft -= 2;
	}
	/*若ICMP报头为奇数个字节，会剩下最后一字节。把最后一个字节视为一个2字节数据的高字节，这个2字节数据的低字节为0，继续累加*/
	if (nleft == 1) {
		*(unsigned char *) (&answer) = *(unsigned char *) w;
		sum += answer;
	}
	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
	sum += (sum >> 16);
	answer = ~sum;
	return answer;
}
/*设置ICMP报头*/
int pack(int pack_no) {
	int packsize;
	struct icmp *icmp;
	struct timeval *tval;
	icmp = (struct icmp*) sendpacket;
	icmp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
	icmp->icmp_code = 0;
	icmp->icmp_cksum = 0;
	icmp->icmp_seq = pack_no;
	icmp->icmp_id = pid;
	packsize = 8 + datalen;
	tval = (struct timeval *) icmp->icmp_data;
	gettimeofday(tval, NULL); /*记录发送时间*/
	icmp->icmp_cksum = cal_chksum((unsigned short *) icmp, packsize); /*校验算法*/
	return packsize;
}
/*发送MAX_NO_PACKETS个ICMP报文*/
void send_packet() {
	int packetsize;
	while (cxsend < MAX_NO_PACKETS) {
		cxsend++;
		packetsize = pack(cxsend); /*设置ICMP报头*/
		if (sendto(sockfd, sendpacket, packetsize, 0,
				(struct sockaddr *) &dest_addr, sizeof(dest_addr)) < 0) {
			perror("sendto error");
			continue;
		}
		sleep(1); /*每隔一秒发送一个ICMP报文*/
	}
}
/*两个时间记录结构相减*/
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in) {
	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
		--out->tv_sec;
		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
	}
	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	struct hostent *host;
	struct protoent *protocol;
	unsigned long inaddr = 0l;
	int size = 50 * 1024;
	if (argc < 2) {
		printf("usage:%s hostname/IP address\n", argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}

	if ((protocol = getprotobyname("icmp")) == NULL)
	{
		perror("getprotobyname error");
		exit(1);
	}
	/*生成使用ICMP的原始套接字*/
	if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, protocol->p_proto)) < 0) /*函数socket()在<sys/socket.h>中定义，int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);*/
	{
		perror("socket error");
		exit(1);
	}
	setuid(getuid());
	setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &size, sizeof(size));
	bzero(&dest_addr, sizeof(dest_addr));
	dest_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	/*判断是主机名还是ip地址*/
	if ((inaddr = inet_addr(argv[1])) == INADDR_NONE)
	{
		if ((host = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) {
			perror("gethostbyname error");
			exit(1);
		}
		/*是主机名*/
		memcpy((char *) &dest_addr.sin_addr, host->h_addr, host->h_length);
	} else {
		/*是IP地址*/
		memcpy((char *) &dest_addr.sin_addr, (char*)&inaddr,sizeof(inaddr));
	}
	/*设置ICMP的标志符*/
	pid = getpid();
	printf("PING %s(%s): %d bytes data in ICMP packets.\n", argv[1], inet_ntoa(
			dest_addr.sin_addr), datalen);
	send_packet(); /*发送所有ICMP报文*/
	recv_packet(); /*接收所有ICMP报文*/
	statistics(SIGALRM); /*统计*/
	return 0;
}