springboot中实现多数据源
1、什么场景需要多数据源
- 业务读写分离
- 业务分库
- 业务功能模块拆分多库
2、常见的多数据源的方案
- 按照数据源分别把mapper和entity放到不同的package下,然后用两个数据源分别注册、扫描对应的package,独立的sessionfactoty
- 基于aop动态的切换的数据源
3、本文重点介绍的是基于aop的方案
3.1、原理介绍
- DatabaseType列出所有的数据源的key—key
- DatabaseContextHolder是一个线程安全的DatabaseType容器,并提供了向其中设置和获取DatabaseType的方法
- DynamicDataSource继承AbstractRoutingDataSource并重写其中的方法determineCurrentLookupKey(),在该方法中使用DatabaseContextHolder获取当前线程的DatabaseType
- MyBatisConfig中生成2个数据源DataSource的bean—value
- MyBatisConfig中将1)和4)组成的key-value对写入到DynamicDataSource动态数据源的targetDataSources属性(当然,同时也会设置2个数据源其中的一个为DynamicDataSource的defaultTargetDataSource属性中)
- 将DynamicDataSource作为primary数据源注入到SqlSessionFactory的dataSource属性中去,并且该dataSource作为transactionManager的入参来构造DataSourceTransactionManager
- 使用的时候,在dao层或service层先使用DatabaseContextHolder设置将要使用的数据源key,然后再调用mapper层进行相应的操作,建议放在dao层去做(当然也可以使用spring aop+自定注解去做)
- 注意:在mapper层进行操作的时候,会先调用determineCurrentLookupKey()方法获取一个数据源(获取数据源:先根据设置去targetDataSources中去找,若没有,则选择defaultTargetDataSource),之后在进行数据库操作。
3.2、代码示例
a、配置文件
spring.aop.proxy-target-class = true
spring.aop.auto = true
spring.datasource.druid.db1.url =
spring.datasource.druid.db1.username =
spring.datasource.druid.db1.password =
spring.datasource.druid.db1.driver-class-name = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.druid.db1.initialSize = 5
spring.datasource.druid.db1.minIdle = 5
spring.datasource.druid.db1.maxActive = 20
spring.datasource.druid.db2.url =
spring.datasource.druid.db2.username =
spring.datasource.druid.db2.password =
spring.datasource.druid.db2.driver-class-name = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.druid.db2.initialSize = 5
spring.datasource.druid.db2.minIdle = 5
spring.datasource.druid.db2.maxActive = 20
spring.datasource.druid.db3.url =
spring.datasource.druid.db3.username =
spring.datasource.druid.db3.password =
spring.datasource.druid.db3.driver-class-name = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.druid.db3.initialSize = 5
spring.datasource.druid.db3.minIdle = 5
spring.datasource.druid.db3.maxActive = 20
b、生成Datasource
@Bean(name = "db1")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.druid.db1")
public DataSource db1() {
return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Bean(name = "db2")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.druid.db2")
public DataSource db2() {
return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Bean(name = "db3")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.druid.db3")
public DataSource db3() {
return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
c、定义数据源的key
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum DBTypeEnum {
db1("db1"),
db2("db2"),
db3("db3");
private String value;
}
d、构造数据源和sessionFactory
/**
* 动态数据源配置
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
@Primary
public DataSource multipleDataSource(
@Qualifier("db1") DataSource db1,
@Qualifier("db2") DataSource db2,
@Qualifier("db3") DataSource db3) {
DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.db1.getValue(), db1);
targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.db2.getValue(), db2);
targetDataSources.put(DBTypeEnum.db3.getValue(), db3);
dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(db2);
return dynamicDataSource;
}
@Bean("sqlSessionFactory")
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory = new MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean();
sqlSessionFactory.setDataSource(multipleDataSource(db1(), db2(), db3()));
MybatisConfiguration configuration = new MybatisConfiguration();
configuration.setJdbcTypeForNull(JdbcType.NULL);
configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
configuration.setCacheEnabled(false);
sqlSessionFactory.setConfiguration(configuration);
// PerformanceInterceptor(),OptimisticLockerInterceptor()
// 添加分页功能
sqlSessionFactory.setPlugins(new Interceptor[] {paginationInterceptor()});
sqlSessionFactory.setGlobalConfig(globalConfiguration());
return sqlSessionFactory.getObject();
}
e、重写datasource切换策略
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
return DbContextHolder.getDbType();
}
}
f、保存数据源切换的上下文信息
public class DbContextHolder {
private static final ThreadLocal contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
/**
* 设置数据源
*
* @param dbTypeEnum
*/
public static void setDbType(DBTypeEnum dbTypeEnum) {
contextHolder.set(dbTypeEnum.getValue());
}
/**
* 取得当前数据源
*
* @return
*/
public static String getDbType() {
return (String) contextHolder.get();
}
/** 清除上下文数据 */
public static void clearDbType() {
contextHolder.remove();
}
}
g、aop实现动态的数据源切换
@Component
@Order(value = -100)
@Slf4j
@Aspect
public class DataSourceSwitchAspect {
@Pointcut("execution(* top.zhuofan.datafly.mapper.db1..*.*(..))")
private void db1Aspect() {}
@Pointcut("execution(* top.zhuofan.datafly.mapper.db2..*.*(..))")
private void db2Aspect() {}
@Pointcut("execution(* top.zhuofan.datafly.mapper.db3..*.*(..))")
private void db3Aspect() {}
@Before("db1Aspect()")
public void db1() {
log.debug("切换到db1 数据源...");
DbContextHolder.setDbType(DBTypeEnum.db1);
}
@Before("db2Aspect()")
public void db2() {
log.debug("切换到db2 数据源...");
DbContextHolder.setDbType(DBTypeEnum.db2);
}
@Before("db3Aspect()")
public void db3() {
log.debug("切换到db3 数据源...");
DbContextHolder.setDbType(DBTypeEnum.db3);
}
}
4、后续
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