Servlet过滤器介绍
过滤器
Servlet过滤器是具有拦截客户端请求的功能,过滤器可以改变请求中的内容,来满足开发的需要。
过滤器实质上就是:web应用服务器上的一个web应用组件,用于拦截客户端与目标资源的请求,并对这些请求进行一定过滤处理在发送给目标资源
如下图:
过滤器链:
如果一个web应用中使用一个过滤器不能解决实际中的业务需要,则可以部署多个过滤器对业务请求进行多次处理,这样称为“过滤器链”
过滤器功能
- 身份验证过滤器(Authentication Filters)如:权限验证
- 数据压缩过滤器(Data compression Filters)
- 加密过滤器(Encryption Filters)。
- 触发资源访问事件过滤器。
- 图像转换过滤器(Image Conversion - Filters)。
- 日志记录和审核过滤器(Logging and Auditing Filters)。
- MIME-TYPE 链过滤器(MIME-TYPE Chain Filters)。
- 标记化过滤器(Tokenizing Filters)。
- XSL/T 过滤器(XSL/T Filters),转换 XML 内容。
一、Filter
1、过滤器接口
(1)Fileter接口
每个过滤器对象都要直接或间接地实现Filter接口,在Filter接口中定义3个方法,分别为init(),doFilter(),destroy()方法
方法的声明 | 说明 |
---|---|
public void init(FilterConifg filterConfig)throws ServletExceptrion{………} | 过滤器初始化,在过滤器初始化的时候调用 |
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {………} | 对请求进行过滤 |
public void destroy() {………} | 销毁方法,释放资源 |
(2)FilterConfig接口
方法声明 | Are |
---|---|
public String getFilterName() | 用于获取过滤器的名字 |
public ServletContext getServletContext() | 获取Servlet上下文 |
public String getInitParameter(String name) | 获取过滤器的初始化参数值 |
public String Enumeration getInitParameter(String name) | 获取过滤器中所有初始化参数值 |
(3)FilterChain接口
用于将过滤后的请求传递到下一个过滤器。
chain.doFilter(request, response0)
2、创建简单的Filter过滤器:
(1)创建Myfilter.java
package com.control;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class Myfilter implements Filter{
@Override
public void destroy() {
//销毁方法,释放资源
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
chain.doFilter(request, response0);//表示跳转到下一个过滤器
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
//过滤器初始化,在过滤器初始化的时候调用
}
}
(2)配置Myfilter,web.xml
<filter>
<filter-name>Myfilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.Myfilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>Myfilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
二、通过过滤器实现网站计数器的功能
(1)在src中创建Myfilter.java
package com;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
private int count;
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
//获取在web.xml中配置的count值
String param=filterConfig.getInitParameter("count");
//字符串强制转化成int类型
count=Integer.valueOf(param);
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
count++;
//将Servletrequest转化成HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest req=(HttpServletRequest)request;
//获取上下文的session
ServletContext context=req.getSession().getServletContext();
//将count保存在context中
context.setAttribute("count", count);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
(2)在web.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<filter>
<!-- 过滤器的名称 -->
<filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
<!-- 过滤器的完整类名 -->
<filter-class>com.MyFilter</filter-class>
<!-- 设置初始化参数 -->
<init-param>
<!-- 参数名 -->
<param-name>count</param-name>
<!-- 参数值 -->
<param-value>5000</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<!-- 过滤器映射 -->
<filter-mapping>
<!-- 过滤器名称 -->
<filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
<!-- 过滤器URL映射 -->
<url-pattern>/index.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
(3)index.jsp
<body>
第几个<%=application.getAttribute("count") %>客户
</body>
运行:
三、字符编码过滤器
1、创建index.jsp
<body>
<form action="AddServlet" method="post">
<table align="center" border="1" width="350">
<tr>
<td class="2" align="center" colspan="2">
<h2>添加图书信息</h2>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">图书编号:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="id">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">图书名称:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="name">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">作 者:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="author">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">价 格:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="price">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="2" align="center" colspan="2">
<input type="submit" value="添 加">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
(2)在src中创建AddServlet.java负责处理数据
package com;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class AddServlet extends HttpServlet {
public AddServlet() {
super();
}
public void destroy() {
super.destroy();
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String id=request.getParameter("id");
String name=request.getParameter("name");
String author=request.getParameter("author");
String price=request.getParameter("price");
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.println("图书信息");
out.println("图书编号"+id+"<br>");
out.println("图书名字"+name+"<br>");
out.println("图书作者"+author+"<br>");
out.println("图书价格"+price+"<br>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
public void init() throws ServletException {
}
}
(3)在src中创建CharactersFilter.java负责处理数据
package com;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class CharactersFilter implements Filter{
String charachter=null;
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
//获取web.xml中Characters的值
charachter=filterConfig.getInitParameter("Characters");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//将字符全部转化成charachter字符
if(charachter!=null){
request.setCharacterEncoding(charachter);
response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+charachter);
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
(4)配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<filter>
<filter-name>CharactersFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.CharactersFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>Characters</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharactersFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>AddServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.AddServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>AddServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/AddServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>