学习 Spring Boot 项目中的单元测试,实现 Service/Controller/JSON 测试。
1 准备工作
在 src/main/java 下相应的包中新建 Book 类,如下:
public class Book {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String author;
// getter/setter
}
在 src/main/java 下相应的包中新建 HelloService 类,如下:
@Service
public class HelloService {
public String sayHello(String name) {
return "hello " + name;
}
}
在 src/main/java 下相应的包中新建 HelloController 类,如下:
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String hello(String name) {
return "hello " + name;
}
@PostMapping("/book")
public Book addBook(@RequestBody Book book) {
return book;
}
}
2 Service 测试
在 src/test/java 下相应的包中新建 TestService 测试类,如下:
// @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestService {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
String hello = helloService.sayHello("cxy35");
Assert.assertThat(hello, Matchers.is("hello cxy35"));
}
}
3 Controller 测试
通过模拟 web 环境和请求来实现,支持 get/post/… 等请求方式。
在 src/test/java 下相应的包中新建 TestController 测试类,如下:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestController {
@Autowired
WebApplicationContext wac;
MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
}
@Before
public void before() {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
}
@Test
public void testGet() throws Exception {
MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(
MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
.param("name", "cxy35"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
.andReturn();
System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}
@Test
public void testPost() throws Exception {
Book book = new Book();
book.setId(99);
book.setName("三国演义");
book.setAuthor("罗贯中");
String s = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(book);
MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/book").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(s))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andReturn();
System.out.println(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}
}
在 src/test/java 下相应的包中新建 TestController2 测试类,通过模板实现,如下:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT)
public class TestController2 {
@Autowired
TestRestTemplate testRestTemplate;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
String cxy35 = testRestTemplate.getForObject("/hello?name={1}", String.class, "cxy35");
System.out.println(cxy35);
}
}
4 JSON 测试
在 src/test/java 下相应的包中新建 book.json 测试数据,如下:
{"id":99,"name":"红楼梦","author":"曹雪芹"}
在 src/test/java 下相应的包中新建 TestJson 测试类,如下:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// @SpringBootTest
@org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.json.JsonTest
public class TestJson {
@Autowired
JacksonTester<Book> jacksonTester;
@Test
public void test() throws IOException {
// 序列化
Book book = new Book();
book.setId(99);
book.setName("红楼梦");
book.setAuthor("曹雪芹");
Assertions.assertThat(jacksonTester.write(book))
.isEqualToJson("book.json");
Assertions.assertThat(jacksonTester.write(book))
.hasJsonPathStringValue("@.name");
Assertions.assertThat(jacksonTester.write(book))
.extractingJsonPathStringValue("@.name")
.isEqualTo("红楼梦");
}
@Test
public void test2() throws IOException {
// 反序列化
String content = "{\"id\":99,\"name\":\"红楼梦\",\"author\":\"曹雪芹\"}";
Assertions.assertThat(jacksonTester.parseObject(content).getName()).isEqualTo("红楼梦");
}
}
- Spring Boot 教程合集(微信左下方阅读全文可直达)。
- Spring Boot 教程合集示例代码:https://github.com/cxy35/spring-boot-samples
- 本文示例代码:https://github.com/cxy35/spring-boot-samples/tree/master/spring-boot-test
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