文章目录
什么是动态SQL:就是根据不同的条件生成不同的SQL语句
12.1、搭建环境
构建数据表
CREATE TABLE `blog`(
`id` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客id',
`title` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
`author` VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客作者',
`create_time` DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`views` INT(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '浏览量'
)ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
创建一个基础工程
1、导包
2、编写配置文件(下划线驼峰自动转换
)
<settings>
<!--- 是否开启自动驼峰命名规则(camel case)映射 -->
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
</settings>
<!--注册Mapper.xml-->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mapper/BlogMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
3、编写实体类
@Data
public class Blog {
private int id;
private String title;
private String author;
private Date createTime; //属性名和字段名不一致
private int views;
}
4、编写实体类对应的的Mapper接口和Mapper.xml文件
public interface BlogMapper {
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.chen.dao.BlogMapper">
</mapper>
5、IdUtils工具类
@SuppressWarnings("all") //抑制警告
public class IDUtil {
public static String genId(){
return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-","");
}
}
6、插入初始数据
- 编写接口
//插入数据
int addBlog(Blog blog);
- sql配置文件
<insert id="addBlog" parameterType="blog">
insert into blog (id,title,author,create_time,views)
values (#{id},#{title},#{author},#{createTime},#{views})
</insert>
- 初始化数据
@Test
public void addBlogTest() {
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
Blog blog = new Blog();
blog.setId(IdUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("Mybatis");
blog.setAuthor("Chen");
blog.setCreateTime(new Date());
blog.setViews(9999);
mapper.addBlog(blog);
blog.setId(IdUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("Java");
mapper.addBlog(blog);
blog.setId(IdUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("Spring");
mapper.addBlog(blog);
blog.setId(IdUtils.getId());
blog.setTitle("微服务");
mapper.addBlog(blog);
sqlSession.close();
}
12.2、IF语句
需求:根据作者名字和博客名字来查询博客!如果作者名字为空,那么只根据博客名字查询,反之,则根据作者名来查
- 编写接口类
//查询博客
List<Blog> queryBlogIf(Map map);**
- 编写SQL语句
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="Blog">
select * from blog where
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</if>
</select>
问题:
这样写我们可以看到,如果 author 等于 null,那么查询语句为 select * from user where title=#{title},但是如果title为空呢?那么查询语句为 select * from user where and author=#{author},这是错误的 SQL 语句,如何解决呢?
方法一:
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="Blog">
select * from blog where 1=1
<if test="title != null">
and title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</if>
</select>
- 测试
@Test
public void queryBlogIf(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap map = new HashMap();
//map.put("title","Java");
map.put("author","chen");
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogIf(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
12.3、choose(when,otherwise)
有时候,我们不想用到所有的查询条件,只想选择其中的一个,查询条件有一个满足即可,使用 choose 标签可以解决此类问题,类似于 Java 的 switch 语句
- 编写接口类
List<Blog> queryBlogChoose(Map map);
- 编写SQL语句
<select id="queryBlogChoose" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<choose>
<when test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</when>
<when test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</when>
<otherwise>
and views = #{views}
</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
- 测试
@Test
public void queryBlogChoose(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap map = new HashMap();
map.put("title","Java");
//map.put("author","chen");
map.put("views",9999);
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogChoose(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
12.4、trim(where,set)
12.4.1、where标签
12.2问题的解决方法二【推荐】
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<if test="title != null">
and title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</if>
</where>
</select>
这个“where”标签会知道如果它包含的标签中有返回值的话,它就插入一个‘where’。此外,如果标签返回的内容是以AND 或OR 开头的,则它会剔除掉。
12.4.2、set标签
- 编写接口类
int updateBlog(Map map);
- 编写SQL语句
<!--注意set是用的逗号隔开-->
<update id="updateBlog" parameterType="map">
update blog
<set>
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title},
</if>
<if test="author != null">
author = #{author}
</if>
</set>
where id = #{id}
</update>
set 元素会动态地在行首插入 SET 关键字,并会删掉额外的逗号
3. 测试
@Test
public void updateBlog(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap map = new HashMap();
// map.put("title","Java");
map.put("author","Chen");
map.put("id","87d408ae7752493ca3ae132ef8df828a");
mapper.updateBlog(map);
}
12.4.3、trim标签
trim标记是一个格式化的标记,可以自定义
语法:
<trim prefix="" prefixOverrides="" suffix="" suffixOverrides="">
</trim>
prefix:
表示在trim标签内sql语句加上前缀xxx
prefixOverrides:
表示去除第一个前缀xxx
suffix:
表示在trim标签内sql语句加上后缀xxx
suffixOverrides:
表示去除最后一个后缀xxx
可以完成set或者是where标记的功能:
<trim prefix="WHERE" prefixOverrides="AND |OR ">
...
</trim>
<trim prefix="SET" suffixOverrides=",">
...
</trim>
12.5 SQL片段
有的时候,我们可能会将一些公共的部分抽取出来,方便复用。
提取SQL片段
<sql id="if-title-author">
<if test="title != null">
title = #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null">
and author = #{author}
</if>
</sql>
引用SQL片段
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from blog
<where>
<include refid="if-title-author"></include>
</where>
</select>
注意:
- 最好基于单表来定义SQL片段
- 不要存在where标签
12.6 Foreach
- 编写接口类
//查询第1,2,3号记录的博客
List<Blog> queryBlogForeach(Map map);
- 编写SQL语句
<!-- 我们现在传递一个万能的map,这个map中可以存在一个集合! -->
<select id="queryBlogForeach" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
select * from blog
<!--
collection:指定输入对象中的集合属性
item:每次遍历生成的对象
open:开始遍历时的拼接字符串
close:结束时拼接的字符串
separator:遍历对象之间需要拼接的字符串
select * from blog where 1=1 and (id=1 or id=2 or id=3)
-->
<where>
<foreach collection="ids" item="id" open="(" close=")" separator="or">
id = #{id}
</foreach>
</where>
</select>
- 测试
@Test
public void queryBlogForeach(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
BlogMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
HashMap map = new HashMap();
List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList();
ids.add(1);
ids.add(2);
ids.add(3);
map.put("ids",ids);
List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogForeach(map);
for (Blog blog : blogs) {
System.out.println(blog);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
动态SQL就是在拼接SQL语句,我们只要保证SQL的正确性,按照SQL的格式,去排列组合就可以了