9、JUC：阻塞队列

9.1、简介

阻塞队列：

BlockingQueue 不是新的东西

什么情况下会使用 阻塞队列：多线程并发处理，线程池！

9.2、四组API

方式	抛出异常	有返回值	阻塞等待	超时等待
添加	add()	offer()	put()	offer(, ,)
移除	remove()	poll()	take()	poll(,)
检测队首元素	element()	peek()

/**
 * 抛出异常
 */
public static void test1(){
    // 队列的大小
    ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a"));
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b"));
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c"));

    // IllegalStateException: Queue full 抛出异常
    // System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("d"));

    System.out.println("=========================");

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.element()); // 查看对首元素是谁

    System.out.println("=========================");

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.element());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());

    // java.util.NoSuchElementException 抛出异常
    //System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
}

/**
 * 有返回值，没有异常
 */
public static void test2(){
    ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a"));
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b"));
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c"));

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.peek()); // 查看对首元素是谁

    // System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d")); // false 不抛出异常！
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.peek()); // 查看对首元素是谁
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll()); // null 不抛出异常

}

/**
 * 等待，阻塞(一直阻塞)
 */
public static void test3() throws InterruptedException {
    // 队列的大小
    ArrayBlockingQueue<Object> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);

    // 一直阻塞
    blockingQueue.put("a");
    blockingQueue.put("b");
    blockingQueue.put("c");

    // blockingQueue.put("d"); // 队列已经没有位置了，一直阻塞
    
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
    // System.out.println(blockingQueue.take()); // 队列已经空了，一直阻塞
}

/**
 * 等待，阻塞(等待超时)
 */
public static void test4() throws InterruptedException {
    // 队列的大小
    ArrayBlockingQueue<Object> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);

    blockingQueue.offer("a");
    blockingQueue.offer("b");
    blockingQueue.offer("c");
    // blockingQueue.offer("d", 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // 等待超过两秒，就退出

    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
    System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll(2,TimeUnit.SECONDS)); // 超过两秒，就退出
}

9.3、SynchronousQueue 同步队列

没有容量

进去一个元素，必须等待取出来之后，才能再往里面放一个元素！

package com.bq;

import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * 同步队列
 * 和其他的BlockingQueue 不一样， SynchronousQueue 不存储元素
 * put了一个元素，必须从里面先取出来，否则不能再put进去东西
 */
public class SynchronousQueueDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynchronousQueue<Object> synchronousQueue = new SynchronousQueue<>(); // 同步队列

        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put 1");
                synchronousQueue.put("1");
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put 2");
                synchronousQueue.put("2");
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" put 3");
                synchronousQueue.put("3");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"T1").start();

        new Thread(()->{
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+synchronousQueue.take());
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+synchronousQueue.take());
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"->"+synchronousQueue.take());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        },"T2").start();
    }
}

运行结果：

学校视频链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1B7411L7tE?p=21