在Java 8中,Stream可以保存不同的数据类型,例如:
Stream<String[]>
Stream<Set<String>>
Stream<List<String>>
Stream<List<Object>>
但是,Stream操作(过滤器,求和,不同…)和收集器不支持它,因此,我们需要flatMap()进行以下转换:
Stream<String[]> -> flatMap -> Stream<String>
Stream<Set<String>> -> flatMap -> Stream<String>
Stream<List<String>> -> flatMap -> Stream<String>
Stream<List<Object>> -> flatMap -> Stream<Object>
flatMap()
如何工作:
{ {1,2}, {3,4}, {5,6} } -> flatMap -> {1,2,3,4,5,6} { {'a','b'}, {'c','d'}, {'e','f'} } -> flatMap -> {'a','b','c','d','e','f'}
1.流+字符串[] + flatMap
1.1下面的示例将打印一个空结果,因为filter()
不知道如何过滤String[]
流。
TestExample1.java
package com.mkyong.java8;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class TestExample1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[][] data = new String[][]{{"a", "b"}, {"c", "d"}, {"e", "f"}};
//Stream<String[]>
Stream<String[]> temp = Arrays.stream(data);
//filter a stream of string[], and return a string[]?
Stream<String[]> stream = temp.filter(x -> "a".equals(x.toString()));
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
输出量
//empty...
1.2在上面的示例中,我们应该使用flatMap()
将Stream<String[]>
转换为Stream<String>
。
TestExample1.java
package com.mkyong.java8;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class TestExample1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[][] data = new String[][]{{"a", "b"}, {"c", "d"}, {"e", "f"}};
//Stream<String[]>
Stream<String[]> temp = Arrays.stream(data);
//Stream<String>, GOOD!
Stream<String> stringStream = temp.flatMap(x -> Arrays.stream(x));
Stream<String> stream = stringStream.filter(x -> "a".equals(x.toString()));
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
/*Stream<String> stream = Arrays.stream(data)
.flatMap(x -> Arrays.stream(x))
.filter(x -> "a".equals(x.toString()));*/
}
}
输出量
a
2.流+设置+ flatMap
2.1学生POJO。
Student.java
package com.mkyong.java8;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Student {
private String name;
private Set<String> book;
public void addBook(String book) {
if (this.book == null) {
this.book = new HashSet<>();
}
this.book.add(book);
}
//getters and setters
}
2.2 flatMap()
和Set
示例。
TestExample2.java
package com.mkyong.java8;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class TestExample2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student obj1 = new Student();
obj1.setName("mkyong");
obj1.addBook("Java 8 in Action");
obj1.addBook("Spring Boot in Action");
obj1.addBook("Effective Java (2nd Edition)");
Student obj2 = new Student();
obj2.setName("zilap");
obj2.addBook("Learning Python, 5th Edition");
obj2.addBook("Effective Java (2nd Edition)");
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(obj1);
list.add(obj2);
List<String> collect =
list.stream()
.map(x -> x.getBook()) //Stream<Set<String>>
.flatMap(x -> x.stream()) //Stream<String>
.distinct()
.collect(Collectors.toList());
collect.forEach(x -> System.out.println(x));
}
}
输出量
Spring Boot in Action Effective Java (2nd Edition) Java 8 in Action Learning Python, 5th Edition
尝试注释一下flatMap(x -> x.stream())
Collectors.toList()
将提示编译器错误,因为它不知道如何收集Set对象的流。
3. Stream + Primitive + flatMapToInt
3.1对于基本类型,可以使用flatMapToInt
。
TestExample3.java
package com.mkyong.java8;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class TestExample3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] intArray = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
//1. Stream<int[]>
Stream<int[]> streamArray = Stream.of(intArray);
//2. Stream<int[]> -> flatMap -> IntStream
IntStream intStream = streamArray.flatMapToInt(x -> Arrays.stream(x));
intStream.forEach(x -> System.out.println(x));
}
}
输出量
1 2 3 4 5 6
参考文献
- Stream#flatMap JavaDoc
- Stackoverflow – Java 8中的map和flatMap方法之间的区别
- Java 8 –如何打印数组
- Java 8 –收集器分组依据和映射示例