Java Sequence Generator示例

一个示例，向您展示如何创建线程安全序列生成器。

1. SequenceGenerator

SequenceGenerator.java

package com.mkyong.concurrency.examples.sequence.generator;

public interface SequenceGenerator {
    long getNext();
}

1.1首先尝试直接读取，添加，写入值。 下面的方法不是线程安全的，多个线程可能同时获得相同的值。

UnSafeSequenceGenerator.java

package com.mkyong.concurrency.examples.sequence.generator;

public class UnSafeSequenceGenerator implements SequenceGenerator {

    private long value = 1;

    @Override
    public long getNext() {
        return value++;
    }

}

1.2要解决此问题，请将getNext()作为synchronized方法。

SyncSequenceGenerator.java

package com.mkyong.concurrency.examples.sequence.generator;

public class SyncSequenceGenerator implements SequenceGenerator {

    private long value = 1;

    @Override
    public synchronized long getNext() {
        return value++;
    }
}

1.3更好的解决方案是使用concurrent.atomic AtomicLong类，例如AtomicLong

AtomicSequenceGenerator.java

package com.mkyong.concurrency.examples.sequence.generator;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

public class AtomicSequenceGenerator implements SequenceGenerator {

    private AtomicLong value = new AtomicLong(1);

    @Override
    public long getNext() {
        return value.getAndIncrement();
    }
}

2.并发访问

模拟并发访问环境以测试上述序列生成器。

2.1。 Callable任务，可访问序列10次。

PrintSequenceCallable.java

package com.mkyong.concurrency.examples.sequence;

import com.mkyong.concurrency.examples.sequence.generator.SequenceGenerator;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

public class PrintSequenceCallable implements Callable<List<Long>> {

    private SequenceGenerator sequenceGenerator;

    public PrintSequenceCallable(SequenceGenerator sequenceGenerator) {
        this.sequenceGenerator = sequenceGenerator;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Long> call() throws Exception {

        List<Long> ids = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            Thread.sleep(100); //take a nap
            ids.add(sequenceGenerator.getNext());
        }

        return ids;

    };

}

2.2启动3个线程以测试序列生成器。

Main.java

package com.mkyong.concurrency.examples.sequence;

import com.mkyong.concurrency.examples.sequence.generator.SequenceGenerator;
import com.mkyong.concurrency.examples.sequence.generator.UnSafeSequenceGenerator;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SequenceGenerator sequenceGenerator = new UnSafeSequenceGenerator();
        //SequenceGenerator sequenceGenerator = new SyncSequenceGenerator();
        //SequenceGenerator sequenceGenerator = new AtomicSequenceGenerator();

        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        try {

			// simulate 3 threads concurrent access the sequence generator
            Callable<List<Long>> task1 = new PrintSequenceCallable(sequenceGenerator);
            Callable<List<Long>> task2 = new PrintSequenceCallable(sequenceGenerator);
            Callable<List<Long>> task3 = new PrintSequenceCallable(sequenceGenerator);

            Future f1 = executor.submit(task1);
            Future f2 = executor.submit(task2);
            Future f3 = executor.submit(task3);

            System.out.println(f1.get());
            System.out.println(f2.get());
            System.out.println(f3.get());

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            executor.shutdown();
        }

    }

}

输出量

2.2.1 UnSafeSequenceGenerator – UnSafeSequenceGenerator竞态条件，多个线程获得相同的值，这不是我们想要的。

[3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17]
[2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 17]
[1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17]

2.2.2 SyncSequenceGenerator –线程安全。

[3, 6, 8, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 27, 29]
[1, 4, 9, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 30]
[2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 28]

2.2.3 AtomicSequenceGenerator –线程安全。

[3, 6, 8, 12, 13, 18, 19, 22, 27, 29]
[2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 20, 24, 26, 30]
[1, 4, 9, 11, 15, 16, 21, 23, 25, 28]

两个synchronized和AtomicLong能够创建一个线程安全的序列发生器。 但是， synchronized方法很昂贵，会增加性能成本，建议的方法是使用concurrent.atomic类。原子类（例如AtomicLong是为并发设计的。

下载源代码

$ git clone https://github.com/mkyong/java-concurrency.git

参考文献

1. 同步方法
2. 原子变量
3. 为什么在Java中同步昂贵？
4. 比赛条件

标记： 原子 并发 Java 竞态条件 序列已 同步

翻译自: https://mkyong.com/java/java-sequence-generator-examples/