Java属性文件示例

通常，Java属性文件用于存储项目配置数据或设置。 在本教程中，我们将向您展示如何读写.properties文件。

Properties prop = new Properties();
	
	// set key and value
	prop.setProperty("db.url", "localhost");
	prop.setProperty("db.user", "mkyong");
	prop.setProperty("db.password", "password");
		
	// save a properties file
	prop.store(outputStream, "");

	// load a properties file
	prop.load(inputStream)
	
	// get value by key
	prop.getProperty("db.url");
    prop.getProperty("db.user");
    prop.getProperty("db.password");
			
	// get all keys
	prop.keySet();
	
	// print everything
	prop.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println("Key : " + k + ", Value : " + v));

用于测试的简单Maven项目结构。

1.写入属性文件

设置属性键和值，并将其保存在某处。

App1.java

package com.mkyong;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class App1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try (OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream("path/to/config.properties")) {

            Properties prop = new Properties();

            // set the properties value
            prop.setProperty("db.url", "localhost");
            prop.setProperty("db.user", "mkyong");
            prop.setProperty("db.password", "password");

            // save properties to project root folder
            prop.store(output, null);

            System.out.println(prop);

        } catch (IOException io) {
            io.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

输出量

{db.user=mkyong, db.password=password, db.url=localhost}

创建path/to/config.properties 。

path/to/config.properties

#Thu Apr 11 17:37:58 SRET 2019
db.user=mkyong
db.password=password
db.url=localhost

2.加载属性文件

从文件系统加载属性文件并检索属性值。

App2.java

package com.mkyong;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class App2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try (InputStream input = new FileInputStream("path/to/config.properties")) {

            Properties prop = new Properties();

            // load a properties file
            prop.load(input);

            // get the property value and print it out
            System.out.println(prop.getProperty("db.url"));
            System.out.println(prop.getProperty("db.user"));
            System.out.println(prop.getProperty("db.password"));

        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

输出量

localhost
mkyong
password

3.从类路径加载属性文件

从项目类路径加载属性文件config.properties ，并检索属性值。

src/main/resources/config.properties

db.url=localhost
db.user=mkyong
db.password=password

App3.java

package com.mkyong;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class App3 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try (InputStream input = App3.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties")) {

            Properties prop = new Properties();

            if (input == null) {
                System.out.println("Sorry, unable to find config.properties");
                return;
            }

            //load a properties file from class path, inside static method
            prop.load(input);

            //get the property value and print it out
            System.out.println(prop.getProperty("db.url"));
            System.out.println(prop.getProperty("db.user"));
            System.out.println(prop.getProperty("db.password"));

        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

输出量

localhost
mkyong
password

4.打印属性文件中的所有内容

从项目类路径加载属性文件config.properties ，并打印出键和值。

App4.java

package com.mkyong;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class App4 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        App4 app = new App4();
        app.printAll("config.properties");
    }

    private void printAll(String filename) {

        try (InputStream input = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(filename)) {

            Properties prop = new Properties();

            if (input == null) {
                System.out.println("Sorry, unable to find " + filename);
                return;
            }

            prop.load(input);

            // Java 8 , print key and values
            prop.forEach((key, value) -> System.out.println("Key : " + key + ", Value : " + value));

            // Get all keys
            prop.keySet().forEach(x -> System.out.println(x));

            Set<Object> objects = prop.keySet();

            /*Enumeration e = prop.propertyNames();
            while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
                String key = (String) e.nextElement();
                String value = prop.getProperty(key);
                System.out.println("Key : " + key + ", Value : " + value);
            }*/

        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

输出量

Key : db.user, Value : mkyong
Key : db.password, Value : password
Key : db.url, Value : localhost
db.user
db.password
db.url

下载源代码

下载– java-properties-file.zip （6KB）

参考文献

• 属性JavaDocs
• 静态方法中的getResourceAsStream
• Java –从资源文件夹中读取文件

标记： Java 属性

翻译自: https://mkyong.com/java/java-properties-file-examples/