gdb的使用

1对于多线程程序调试

例子：

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<pthread.h>
typedef struct ct_sum
{ int sum;
  pthread_mutex_t lock;
}ct_sum;
void * add1(void * cnt)
{    
  
    pthread_mutex_lock(&(((ct_sum*)cnt)->lock));
    int i;
        for( i=0;i<50;i++)
        {(*(ct_sum*)cnt).sum+=i;
       
        }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&(((ct_sum*)cnt)->lock));
    pthread_exit(NULL);
    return 0;
}
void * add2(void *cnt)
{    
    int i;
    cnt= (ct_sum*)cnt;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&(((ct_sum*)cnt)->lock));
    for( i=50;i<101;i++)
    {    (*(ct_sum*)cnt).sum+=i;
       
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&(((ct_sum*)cnt)->lock));
    pthread_exit(NULL);
    return 0;
}
int main(void)
{ int i;
  pthread_t ptid1,ptid2;
  int sum=0;
  ct_sum cnt;
  pthread_mutex_init(&(cnt.lock),NULL);
  cnt.sum=0;
  pthread_create(&ptid1,NULL,add1,&cnt);
pthread_create(&ptid2,NULL,add2,&cnt);
 
 pthread_mutex_lock(&(cnt.lock));
 printf("sum %d\n",cnt.sum);
 pthread_mutex_unlock(&(cnt.lock));
 pthread_join(ptid1,NULL);
 pthread_join(ptid2,NULL);
  pthread_mutex_destroy(&(cnt.lock));
  return 0;
}

Gdb –p pid

查询线程infothreads

(gdb) info threads

  3Thread 0x7f8fe7800950 (LWP 29071) 0x00007f8fe78a2ce1 in nanosleep () from /lib64/libc.so.6

* 2 Thread 0x7f8fe6fff950 (LWP 29072)  0x00007f8fe7b67434 in __lll_lock_wait () from/lib64/libpthread.so.0

  1Thread 0x7f8fe7f5b6f0 (LWP 29070) 0x00007f8fe7b67434 in __lll_lock_wait () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0

 

选择一个线程序

(gdb) thread 2

[Switching to thread 2 (Thread0x7f8fe6fff950 (LWP 29072))]#0 0x00007f8fe7b67434 in __lll_lock_wait () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0

 

查看线程的栈桢：

(gdb) bt

#0 0x00007f8fe7b67434 in __lll_lock_wait () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0

#1 0x00007f8fe7b62cf0 in _L_lock_102 () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0

#2 0x00007f8fe7b625de in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0

#3 0x00000000004008b6 in add2 (cnt=0x7fffeff94310) at mtux.c:32

#4 0x00007f8fe7b61070 in start_thread () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0

#5 0x00007f8fe78d410d in clone () from /lib64/libc.so.6

#6 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()

 

选择线程的某一个栈桢：

(gdb) frame 2

#2 0x00007f8fe7b625de in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0

 

(gdb) frame 3

#3 0x00000000004008b6 in add2 (cnt=0x7fffeff94310) at mtux.c:32

32       pthread_mutex_lock(&(((ct_sum*)cnt)->lock));

查看局部变量：

(gdb) info locals

i = 0

查看函数的参数：

(gdb) info args

cnt = (void *) 0x7fffeff94310

查看该参数的值：

(gdb) print *(ct_sum*)0x7fffeff94310

$23 = {sum = 1225, lock = {__data = {__lock= 2, __count = 0, __owner = 29071, __nusers = 1, __kind = 0, __spins = 0,__list = {

       __prev = 0x0, __next = 0x0}}, __size = "\002\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\217q\000\000\001",'\0' <repeats 26 times>, __align = 2}}

 

 

 

(gdb) info registers

rax            0xfffffffffffffe00      -512

rbx            0x0    0

rcx            0xffffffffffffffff       -1

rdx            0x7f8fe7b6aa20 140256044558880

rsi            0x80    128

rdi            0x7fffeff94318   140737219478296

rbp            0x7f8fe6fff130  0x7f8fe6fff130

rsp            0x7f8fe6fff110  0x7f8fe6fff110

r8             0x7f8fe6fff950  140256032586064

r9             0x7f8fe6fff950  140256032586064

r10            0x0    0

r11            0x246 582

r12            0x7f8fe7b6a860       140256044558432

r13            0x7f8fe6fff260  140256032584288

r14            0x0    0

r15            0x1000      4096

rip            0x4008b6   0x4008b6 <add2+25>

eflags         0x246  [PF ZF IF ]

cs             0x33  51

ss             0xe02b      57387

ds             0x0    0

es             0x0    0

fs             0x0    0

gs             0x0    0

fctrl          0x37f   895

fstat          0x0      0

ftag           0xffff  65535

---Type <return> to continue, or q<return> to quit---

fiseg         0x0      0

fioff          0x0      0

foseg          0x0     0

fooff          0x0     0

fop            0x0    0

mxcsr          0x1f80      [ IM DM ZM OM UM PM ]

 

 

 

(gdb) info frame

Stack level 3, frame at 0x7f8fe6fff140:

 rip= 0x4008b6 in add2 (mtux.c:32); saved rip 0x7f8fe7b61070

 called by frame at 0x7f8fe6fff260, caller offrame at 0x7f8fe6fff110

 source language c.

 Arglist at 0x7f8fe6fff130, args:cnt=0x7fffeff94310

 Locals at 0x7f8fe6fff130, Previous frame's spis 0x7f8fe6fff140

 Saved registers:

  rbpat 0x7f8fe6fff130, rip at 0x7f8fe6fff138

 

(gdb) disassemble add2

Dump of assembler code for function add2:

0x000000000040089d <add2+0>: push  %rbp

0x000000000040089e <add2+1>:  mov   %rsp,%rbp

0x00000000004008a1 <add2+4>:  sub   $0x20,%rsp

0x00000000004008a5 <add2+8>:  mov    %rdi,-0x18(%rbp)

0x00000000004008a9 <add2+12>:       mov   -0x18(%rbp),%rax

0x00000000004008ad <add2+16>:       lea   0x8(%rax),%rdi

0x00000000004008b1 <add2+20>:       callq 0x400728 <pthread_mutex_lock@plt>

0x00000000004008b6 <add2+25>:       movl  $0x32,-0x4(%rbp)

0x00000000004008bd <add2+32>:       jmp   0x4008d2 <add2+53>

0x00000000004008bf <add2+34>:       mov   -0x18(%rbp),%rdx

0x00000000004008c3 <add2+38>:       mov   -0x18(%rbp),%rax

0x00000000004008c7 <add2+42>:       mov   (%rax),%eax

0x00000000004008c9 <add2+44>:       add   -0x4(%rbp),%eax

0x00000000004008cc <add2+47>:       mov   %eax,(%rdx)

0x00000000004008ce <add2+49>:       addl  $0x1,-0x4(%rbp)

0x00000000004008d2 <add2+53>:       cmpl  $0x64,-0x4(%rbp)

0x00000000004008d6 <add2+57>:       jle   0x4008bf <add2+34>

0x00000000004008d8 <add2+59>:       mov   $0x400a91,%edi

0x00000000004008dd <add2+64>:       callq 0x4006c8 <puts@plt>

0x00000000004008e2 <add2+69>:       mov   $0x14,%edi

0x00000000004008e7 <add2+74>:       callq 0x400708 <sleep@plt>

0x00000000004008ec <add2+79>:       jmp   0x4008d8 <add2+59>

End of assembler dump.

可以从上面看到 在call pthread_mutex_lock的时候，

参数保存在rdi中

 

(gdb) print/x $rdi

$25 = 0x7fffeff94318

 

(gdb) print *(ct_sum*)0x7fffeff94310

$27 = {sum = 1225, lock = {__data = {__lock= 2, __count = 0, __owner = 29071, __nusers = 1, __kind = 0, __spins = 0,__list = {

        __prev = 0x0, __next = 0x0}}, __size ="\002\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\217q\000\000\001", '\0' <repeats26 times>, __align = 2}}

 

(gdb) print*(pthread_mutex_t*)0x7fffeff94318

$29 = {__data = {__lock = 2, __count = 0,__owner = 29071, __nusers = 1, __kind = 0, __spins = 0, __list = {__prev = 0x0,__next = 0x0}},

 __size = "\002\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\217q\000\000\001",'\0' <repeats 26 times>, __align = 2}

 

 

 

(gdb) frame 2

#2 0x00007f8fe7b625de in pthread_mutex_lock () from /lib64/libpthread.so.0

(gdb) info frame

Stack level 2, frame at 0x7f8fe6fff110:

 rip= 0x7f8fe7b625de in pthread_mutex_lock; saved rip 0x4008b6

 called by frame at 0x7f8fe6fff140, caller offrame at 0x7f8fe6fff0d0

 Arglist at 0x7f8fe6fff0c8, args:

 Locals at 0x7f8fe6fff0c8, Previous frame's spis 0x7f8fe6fff110

 Saved registers:

  rbxat 0x7f8fe6fff0d8, rbp at 0x7f8fe6fff0e0, r12 at 0x7f8fe6fff0e8, r13 at0x7f8fe6fff0f0, r14 at 0x7f8fe6fff0f8, r15 at 0x7f8fe6fff100,

  ripat 0x7f8fe6fff108

 

 

(gdb) disassemble pthread_mutex_lock

Dump of assembler code for functionpthread_mutex_lock:

0x00007f8fe7b62570<pthread_mutex_lock+0>:  push   %r15

0x00007f8fe7b62572<pthread_mutex_lock+2>:  push   %r14

0x00007f8fe7b62574<pthread_mutex_lock+4>:  push   %r13

0x00007f8fe7b62576 <pthread_mutex_lock+6>:  push  %r12

0x00007f8fe7b62578<pthread_mutex_lock+8>:  push   %rbp

0x00007f8fe7b62579<pthread_mutex_lock+9>:  push   %rbx

0x00007f8fe7b6257a<pthread_mutex_lock+10>:       mov    %rdi,%rbx

0x00007f8fe7b6257d<pthread_mutex_lock+13>:       sub    $0x8,%rsp

0x00007f8fe7b62581<pthread_mutex_lock+17>:       mov    %fs:0x90,%r13d

0x00007f8fe7b6258a<pthread_mutex_lock+26>:       mov    0x10(%rdi),%esi

0x00007f8fe7b6258d<pthread_mutex_lock+29>:       mov    %rsi,%rax

0x00007f8fe7b62590<pthread_mutex_lock+32>:       and    $0x7f,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b62593<pthread_mutex_lock+35>:       cmp    $0x43,%rax

0x00007f8fe7b62597<pthread_mutex_lock+39>:       jbe    0x7f8fe7b625ad<pthread_mutex_lock+61>

0x00007f8fe7b62599<pthread_mutex_lock+41>:       mov    $0x16,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b6259e <pthread_mutex_lock+46>:       add   $0x8,%rsp

0x00007f8fe7b625a2<pthread_mutex_lock+50>:       pop    %rbx

0x00007f8fe7b625a3<pthread_mutex_lock+51>:       pop    %rbp

0x00007f8fe7b625a4<pthread_mutex_lock+52>:       pop    %r12

0x00007f8fe7b625a6<pthread_mutex_lock+54>:       pop    %r13

0x00007f8fe7b625a8<pthread_mutex_lock+56>:       pop    %r14

0x00007f8fe7b625aa<pthread_mutex_lock+58>:       pop    %r15

0x00007f8fe7b625ac<pthread_mutex_lock+60>:       retq  

0x00007f8fe7b625ad<pthread_mutex_lock+61>:       lea    0x846c(%rip),%rdx        # 0x7f8fe7b6aa20

0x00007f8fe7b625b4<pthread_mutex_lock+68>:       movslq(%rdx,%rax,4),%rax

0x00007f8fe7b625b8<pthread_mutex_lock+72>:       add    %rdx,%rax

---Type <return> to continue, or q<return> to quit---

0x00007f8fe7b625bb<pthread_mutex_lock+75>:       jmpq   *%rax

0x00007f8fe7b625bd <pthread_mutex_lock+77>:       cmp   0x8(%rdi),%r13d

0x00007f8fe7b625c1<pthread_mutex_lock+81>:       je     0x7f8fe7b62ab0<pthread_mutex_lock+1344>

0x00007f8fe7b625c7<pthread_mutex_lock+87>:       and    $0x80,%esi

0x00007f8fe7b625cd<pthread_mutex_lock+93>:       mov    $0x1,%edi

0x00007f8fe7b625d2<pthread_mutex_lock+98>:       xor    %eax,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b625d4<pthread_mutex_lock+100>:     lockcmpxchg %edi,(%rbx)

0x00007f8fe7b625d8<pthread_mutex_lock+104>:     jne    0x7f8fe7b62ce1 <_L_lock_102>

0x00007f8fe7b625de <pthread_mutex_lock+110>:      mov   0x8(%rbx),%esi

0x00007f8fe7b625e1<pthread_mutex_lock+113>:      test   %esi,%esi

0x00007f8fe7b625e3<pthread_mutex_lock+115>:      jne    0x7f8fe7b62bf7<pthread_mutex_lock+1671>

0x00007f8fe7b625e9<pthread_mutex_lock+121>:     addl   $0x1,0xc(%rbx)

0x00007f8fe7b625ed<pthread_mutex_lock+125>:     mov    %r13d,0x8(%rbx)

0x00007f8fe7b625f1<pthread_mutex_lock+129>:      add    $0x8,%rsp

0x00007f8fe7b625f5<pthread_mutex_lock+133>:      pop    %rbx

0x00007f8fe7b625f6<pthread_mutex_lock+134>:      pop    %rbp

0x00007f8fe7b625f7 <pthread_mutex_lock+135>:      pop   %r12

0x00007f8fe7b625f9<pthread_mutex_lock+137>:      pop    %r13

0x00007f8fe7b625fb<pthread_mutex_lock+139>:      pop    %r14

0x00007f8fe7b625fd<pthread_mutex_lock+141>:      xor    %eax,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b625ff<pthread_mutex_lock+143>:      pop    %r15

0x00007f8fe7b62601<pthread_mutex_lock+145>:     retq  

0x00007f8fe7b62602<pthread_mutex_lock+146>:     cmp    %r13d,0x8(%rdi)

0x00007f8fe7b62606<pthread_mutex_lock+150>:     mov    (%rdi),%ecx

0x00007f8fe7b62608<pthread_mutex_lock+152>:     jne    0x7f8fe7b62621<pthread_mutex_lock+177>

0x00007f8fe7b6260a<pthread_mutex_lock+154>:     mov    %esi,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b6260c<pthread_mutex_lock+156>:     and    $0x3,%eax

---Type <return> to continue, or q<return> to quit---

0x00007f8fe7b6260f<pthread_mutex_lock+159>:      cmp    $0x2,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b62612<pthread_mutex_lock+162>:     je     0x7f8fe7b62ab0<pthread_mutex_lock+1344>

0x00007f8fe7b62618<pthread_mutex_lock+168>:     sub    $0x1,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b6261b<pthread_mutex_lock+171>:     je     0x7f8fe7b628fa <pthread_mutex_lock+906>

0x00007f8fe7b62621<pthread_mutex_lock+177>:     mov    $0xffffffff,%ebp

0x00007f8fe7b62626<pthread_mutex_lock+182>:     mov    $0xca,%r14d

0x00007f8fe7b6262c<pthread_mutex_lock+188>:     mov    %ecx,%r12d

0x00007f8fe7b6262f<pthread_mutex_lock+191>:      shr    $0x13,%r12d

0x00007f8fe7b62633<pthread_mutex_lock+195>:     callq  0x7f8fe7b694e0<__pthread_current_priority>

0x00007f8fe7b62638<pthread_mutex_lock+200>:     cmp    %eax,%r12d

0x00007f8fe7b6263b<pthread_mutex_lock+203>:     jl     0x7f8fe7b62aba <pthread_mutex_lock+1354>

0x00007f8fe7b62641<pthread_mutex_lock+209>:     mov    %r12d,%esi

0x00007f8fe7b62644<pthread_mutex_lock+212>:     mov    %ebp,%edi

0x00007f8fe7b62646<pthread_mutex_lock+214>:     callq  0x7f8fe7b69610<__pthread_tpp_change_priority>

0x00007f8fe7b6264b <pthread_mutex_lock+219>:     test  %eax,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b6264d<pthread_mutex_lock+221>:     jne    0x7f8fe7b6259e<pthread_mutex_lock+46>

0x00007f8fe7b62653<pthread_mutex_lock+227>:     mov    %r12d,%r15d

0x00007f8fe7b62656<pthread_mutex_lock+230>:     shl    $0x13,%r15d

0x00007f8fe7b6265a<pthread_mutex_lock+234>:     mov    %r15d,%r9d

0x00007f8fe7b6265d<pthread_mutex_lock+237>:     mov    %r15d,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b62660<pthread_mutex_lock+240>:     or     $0x1,%r9d

0x00007f8fe7b62664<pthread_mutex_lock+244>:     lockcmpxchg %r9d,(%rbx)

0x00007f8fe7b62669<pthread_mutex_lock+249>:     cmp    %r15d,%eax

0x00007f8fe7b6266c<pthread_mutex_lock+252>:     je     0x7f8fe7b626c6<pthread_mutex_lock+342>

0x00007f8fe7b6266e<pthread_mutex_lock+254>:     mov    %r15d,%r8d

0x00007f8fe7b62671 <pthread_mutex_lock+257>:     or    $0x2,%r8d

0x00007f8fe7b62675<pthread_mutex_lock+261>:     nopl   (%rax)

---Type <return> to continue, or q<return> to quit---q

 

 

(gdb) x 0x7f8fe6fff118

0x7f8fe6fff118:      0xeff94310

(gdb) x 0x7f8fe6fff11c

0x7f8fe6fff11c:      0x00007fff

 

info frame

Stack level 2, frame at 0x7f8fe6fff110:

 rip= 0x7f8fe7b625de in pthread_mutex_lock; saved rip 0x4008b6

 called by frame at 0x7f8fe6fff140, caller offrame at 0x7f8fe6fff0d0

 Arglist at 0x7f8fe6fff0c8, args:

 Locals at 0x7f8fe6fff0c8, Previous frame's spis 0x7f8fe6fff110

 Saved registers:

  rbxat 0x7f8fe6fff0d8, rbp at 0x7f8fe6fff0e0, r12 at 0x7f8fe6fff0e8, r13 at0x7f8fe6fff0f0, r14 at 0x7f8fe6fff0f8, r15 at 0x7f8fe6fff100,

  ripat 0x7f8fe6fff108

 

参数的位置在：

(gdb) x/10 0x7f8fe6fff110

0x7f8fe6fff110:      0x00000000    0x00000000    0xeff94310     0x00007fff

0x7f8fe6fff120:      0x00000000    0x00000000    0x00000000    0x00000000

0x7f8fe6fff130:      0x00000000    0x00000000

 

(gdb) print *(ct_sum*)0x00007fffeff94310

$40 = {sum = 1225, lock = {__data = {__lock= 2, __count = 0, __owner = 29071, __nusers = 1, __kind = 0, __spins = 0,__list = {

       __prev = 0x0, __next = 0x0}}, __size ="\002\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\217q\000\000\001", '\0' <repeats26 times>, __align = 2}}

 

编译8个字节：
(gdb) print *(pthread_mutex_t*)0x00007fffeff94318

$41 = {__data = {__lock = 2, __count = 0,__owner = 29071, __nusers = 1, __kind = 0, __spins = 0, __list = {__prev = 0x0,__next = 0x0}},

 __size = "\002\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\217q\000\000\001",'\0' <repeats 26 times>, __align = 2}