Docker----常用命令总结_restarting (1) 3 seconds ago-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cyfblog/article/details/98222698

文章目录

docker常用命令总结

docker常用命令总结

1、docker search：查找镜像

用法：docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker search nginx
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        11785               [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1635                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   731                                     [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   73                                      
bitnami/nginx                     Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      69                                      [OK]
.....

2、docker pull：从镜像仓库拉取镜像（不指定版本，默认拉取latest标签的）

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
f5d23c7fed46: Pull complete 
918b255d86e5: Pull complete 
8c0120a6f561: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:eb3320e2f9ca409b7c0aa71aea3cf7ce7d018f03a372564dbdb023646958770b
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest

2.1、-a：下载镜像仓库所有标签的镜像

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker pull -a cuiyf/node
8.12.0-alpine: Pulling from cuiyf/node
4fe2ade4980c: Pull complete 
eeb7d76f44e7: Pull complete 
e35f88fcc259: Pull complete 
221d2ad5c5a0: Pull complete 
1295c0e77969: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:85ce6df5365c798dd23a89df47c6f056bbb24d1cbcf3fa679962dcd680120558
8.12.0: Pulling from cuiyf/node
Digest: sha256:85ce6df5365c798dd23a89df47c6f056bbb24d1cbcf3fa679962dcd680120558
Status: Downloaded newer image for cuiyf/node

3、docker ps：查看容器信息

3.1、查看运行中的容器

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
08abcf3e4eaf        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes        80/tcp              wonderful_matsumoto

3.2、-a：显示所有容器，包括运行的和停止的

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
08abcf3e4eaf        nginx                          "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes               80/tcp              wonderful_matsumoto
b0e07e712ecd        gitlab/gitlab-runner:v11.1.0   "/usr/bin/dumb-init …"   18 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                        gitlab-runner
9af0d61d3dbc        twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:11.1    "/assets/wrapper"        19 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                        gitlab

3.3、-q：只显示容器id

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -q
08abcf3e4eaf

3.4、-l：显示最新创建的一个容器（包括所有状态）

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
08abcf3e4eaf        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes        80/tcp              wonderful_matsumoto

3.5、-n：显现最新创建的容器个数

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -n 2
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS               NAMES
08abcf3e4eaf        nginx                          "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes              80/tcp              wonderful_matsumoto
b0e07e712ecd        gitlab/gitlab-runner:v11.1.0   "/usr/bin/dumb-init …"   18 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                       gitlab-runner

4、docker run：利用基础镜像启动一个容器（本地没有则去docker hub上下载）

用法：docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]，各个OPTIONS使用示例如下

4.1、–rm：容器退出或终止，将自动删除容器

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run --rm nginx
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
f5d23c7fed46: Pull complete 
918b255d86e5: Pull complete 
8c0120a6f561: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:eb3320e2f9ca409b7c0aa71aea3cf7ce7d018f03a372564dbdb023646958770b
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest

Ctrl + C后容器退出，容器自动删除

^Ccyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
b0e07e712ecd        gitlab/gitlab-runner:v11.1.0   "/usr/bin/dumb-init …"   18 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab-runner
9af0d61d3dbc        twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:11.1    "/assets/wrapper"        19 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab

4.2、-d：在后台运行容器并打印容器ID

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d nginx
625b11b160c5cc0fd4bc14d840bc44866ff6bd50ccd1235914ddff73b86be254
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
625b11b160c5        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp              epic_edison

4.3、-p：将容器的端口暴露给宿主机上的指定端口（主机端口:容器端口）

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d -p 80:80 nginx
ae3756d2f212e0df6bc733ecdee3d59520a219ed549d51aef8842659b80fa4d4
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
ae3756d2f212        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   lucid_mcnulty

也可以限定ip，默认0.0.0.0

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d -p 192.168.10.24:80:80 nginx
63beb1c2542d4d3c625f96465ab2db0a6c27cc05934dcf2fa88aa6a9e326f350
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                      NAMES
63beb1c2542d        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   2 seconds ago       Up 1 second         192.168.10.24:80->80/tcp   zealous_allen

也可以限定协议，默认TCP

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d -p 80:80/udp nginx
2a1069375e56f95a5b946ccfffbc4a3feff66054206db1ff53a37678affec3e0
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                        NAMES
2a1069375e56        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   2 seconds ago       Up 1 second         80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:80->80/udp   vibrant_zhukovsky

4.4、-P：将容器的端口暴露给宿主机上的随机端口（主机端口:容器端口）

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d -P nginx
53c9d47453466c1e613600c3ea4e48782781bdb6c9f77e1e8f8573c593f58cf8
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
53c9d4745346        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp   confident_keller

4.5、-v：

4.6、-e：设置环境变量

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql
bc6b59891989c12f9ea86985c2ee813ec412de88f69e13614ecb6ad4165819ee
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
bc6b59891989        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   dreamy_chaum

4.7、–name：设置容器名称，没有设置此option将随机分配一个名称

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx nginx
d3a3dcff89dc466fd8c0fda7e24088f349e7baab626fb7b554649dd98f16b9ed
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
d3a3dcff89dc        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   nginx

4.8、–restart：容器退出时的重启策略，默认不重启

4.8.1、–restart=no：默认策略，在容器退出时不重启容器

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx --restart=no nginx
80350d1e93c720ac7dc9f5ba179f42cae6b9b601511e0dd79bcc7218bc66edb2
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
80350d1e93c7        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   6 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   nginx

4.8.2、–restart=always：在容器退出时总是重启容器

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name mysql --restart=always mysql
4834856757c1a1ad87f2cc5ceb7e25e91142e43d04915bfd545bcfd5f8a0f2f8
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS                               NAMES
4834856757c1        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 seconds ago       Up Less than a second   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
4834856757c1        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 seconds ago       Restarting (1) 1 second ago                       mysql
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
4834856757c1        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   12 seconds ago      Restarting (1) 3 seconds ago                       mysql
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS                               NAMES
4834856757c1        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   13 seconds ago      Up Less than a second   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
4834856757c1        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   15 seconds ago      Restarting (1) 1 second ago                       mysql

4.8.3、–restart=on-failure:3：在容器非正常退出时重启容器（退出状态非0），最多重启3次

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                                  PORTS               NAMES
05e1189ab71c        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 seconds ago       Restarting (1) Less than a second ago                       mysql
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                                  PORTS               NAMES
05e1189ab71c        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago       Restarting (1) Less than a second ago                       mysql
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                                  PORTS               NAMES
05e1189ab71c        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago       Restarting (1) Less than a second ago                       mysql
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
05e1189ab71c        mysql                          "docker-entrypoint.s…"   15 seconds ago      Exited (1) 10 seconds ago                       mysql
b0e07e712ecd        gitlab/gitlab-runner:v11.1.0   "/usr/bin/dumb-init …"   21 hours ago        Exited (0) 20 hours ago                         gitlab-runner
9af0d61d3dbc        twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:11.1    "/assets/wrapper"        21 hours ago        Exited (0) 20 hours ago                         gitlab

4.8.4、–restart=unless-stopped：在容器退出时总是重启容器，但是不考虑在Docker守护进程启动时就已经停止了的容器

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name mysql --restart=unless-stopped mysql
648d9a1773b14620b9551d4db3ef9f4e9f9dda601830a06e1d2cbbcd01f0c964
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
648d9a1773b1        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   10 seconds ago      Restarting (1) 1 second ago                       mysql
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
648d9a1773b1        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   11 seconds ago      Restarting (1) 1 second ago                       mysql
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
648d9a1773b1        mysql               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   11 seconds ago      Restarting (1) 2 seconds ago                       mysql

5、docker stop：停止一个或多个正在运行的容器，多个容器空格隔开

用法：docker stop 容器名/容器id，停止后STATUS为Exited

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
625b11b160c5        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        80/tcp              epic_edison
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker stop 625b11b160c5
625b11b160c5
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
625b11b160c5        nginx                          "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 21 seconds ago                       epic_edison
b0e07e712ecd        gitlab/gitlab-runner:v11.1.0   "/usr/bin/dumb-init …"   18 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab-runner
9af0d61d3dbc        twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:11.1    "/assets/wrapper"        19 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab

6、docker rm：删除一个或多个容器

用法：docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

6.1、不加options，只能删除停止的容器

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker rm 625b11b160c5
625b11b160c5
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
b0e07e712ecd        gitlab/gitlab-runner:v11.1.0   "/usr/bin/dumb-init …"   18 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab-runner
9af0d61d3dbc        twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:11.1    "/assets/wrapper"        19 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab

6.2、-f：强制删除正在运行的容器

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
c77147e32c13        nginx                          "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                80/tcp              eloquent_keldysh
b0e07e712ecd        gitlab/gitlab-runner:v11.1.0   "/usr/bin/dumb-init …"   19 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab-runner
9af0d61d3dbc        twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:11.1    "/assets/wrapper"        19 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker rm -f c77147e32c13
c77147e32c13
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
b0e07e712ecd        gitlab/gitlab-runner:v11.1.0   "/usr/bin/dumb-init …"   19 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab-runner
9af0d61d3dbc        twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:11.1    "/assets/wrapper"        19 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         gitlab

6.3、-l：删除指定的链接

6.4、-v：删除与容器关联的卷

7、docker exec：在正在运行的容器中运行命令

用法：docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

7.1、-it：通常-it在一起使用，

8、docker cp：拷贝文件在主机与容器之间（只需容器存在，不管容器状态）

8.1、拷贝容器内文件到宿主机（可以是文件，也可以是目录）

用法：docker cp 容器名/容器ID:/path/to/

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker cp master:/etc/mysql .
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ ls
mysql

8.2、拷贝宿主机文件到容器

cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker cp test.txt master:/tmp
cyf@KobeBryant:~/command$ docker exec -it master bash
root@bf75e5fa4ad0:/# ls /tmp/
percona-xtrabackup-2.4.14-Linux-x86_64	percona-xtrabackup-2.4.14-Linux-x86_64.libgcrypt145.tar.gz  test.sh  test.txt  xtrabackup.tar.gz

8.3、-a：存档模式（复制所有uid / gid信息）

8.4、-L：始终遵循SRC_PATH中的符号链接

9、docker logs：查看容器日志

9.1、-f：实时输出日志

cyf@KobeBryant:~/k8s$ docker logs nginx -f
172.17.0.1 - - [16/Sep/2019:06:41:40 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36" "-"
172.17.0.1 - - [16/Sep/2019:06:41:40 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "http://localhost/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36" "-"
2019/09/16 06:41:40 [error] 6#6: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 172.17.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost", referrer: "http://localhost/"
172.17.0.1 - - [16/Sep/2019:06:41:50 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36" "-"