转一些经典的SQL语句

转一些经典的SQL语句:  

1.蛙蛙推荐：一些精妙的SQL语句 

说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b) 

SQL: select * into b from a where 1＜＞1
说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b) 

SQL: insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间 

SQL: select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b) 

SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒 

SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())＞5
说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息 

SQL: 

delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid )
说明：-- 

SQL: 

SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE 

FROM TABLE1, 

(SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE 

FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND 

FROM TABLE2 

WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')) X, 

(SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND 

FROM TABLE2 

WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = 

TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM') || '/01','YYYY/MM/DD') - 1, 'YYYY/MM') ) Y, 

WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM （+） 

AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) ＜＞ X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B 

WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM
说明：-- 

SQL: 

select * from studentinfo where not exists(select * from student where studentinfo.id=student.id) and 系名称='"&strdepartmentname&"' and 专业名称='"&strprofessionname&"' order by 性别,生源地,总成绩
说明： 

从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额贺电化肥清单两个表来源） 

SQL: 

SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV, 

SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) AS DEC 

FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration 

FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b 

WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a 

GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy')
说明：四表联查问题： 

SQL: select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
说明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID号 

SQL: 

SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID 

FROM Handle 

WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)
2.删除重复数据 

一、具有主键的情况 

a.具有唯一性的字段id(为唯一主键) 

delete table 
where id not in 
( 
select max(id) from table group by col1,col2,col3... 
)
group by 子句后跟的字段就是你用来判断重复的条件，如只有col1，那么只要col1字段内容相同即表示记录相同。 

b.具有联合主键 

假设col1+','+col2+','...col5 为联合主键 

select * from table where col1+','+col2+','...col5 in ( 
select max(col1+','+col2+','...col5) from table 
where having count(*)＞1 
group by col1,col2,col3,col4 
)
group by 子句后跟的字段就是你用来判断重复的条件，如只有col1，那么只要col1字段内容相同即表示记录相同。 

c:判断所有的字段 

select * into #aa from table group by id1,id2,.... 
delete table 
insert into table 
select * from #aa

二、没有主键的情况 

a:用临时表实现 

select identity(int,1,1) as id,* into #temp from ta 
delete #temp 
where id not in 
( 
select max(id) from # group by col1,col2,col3... 
) 
delete table ta 
inset into ta(...) 
select ..... from #temp
b:用改变表结构（加一个唯一字段）来实现 

alter table 表 add newfield int identity(1,1) 
delete 表 
where newfield not in 
( 
select min(newfield) from 表 group by 除newfield外的所有字段 
) 

alter table 表 drop column newfield