HTML5 网页存储 Web Storage
一、认识Web Storage
Web Storage是一种将少量数据存储在客户端(client)磁盘的技术。只要支持WebStorage API规格的浏览器,网页设计者都可以使用JavaScript来操作它,我们先了解一下Web Storage。
Web Storage的容量由客户端浏览器决定,通常1MB~5MB。
Web Storage纯粹运行客户端,不会每次网页请求连带发送给服务端。
Web Storage以一组key-value对应保存数据。
Web Storage提供两种方式将数据保存在客户端:一种是localStorage,一种是sessionStorage,两者的差异在于申明周期和有效范围。
Web Storage类型 | 生命周期 | 有效范围 |
localStorage | 执行删除命令时才会消失 | 同一网站的网页可以跨窗口和分页 |
sessionStorage | 浏览器窗口或分页(tab)关闭就会消失 | 仅对当前浏览器窗口或分页有效 |
检测浏览器是否支持Web Storage,语法如下:
if(typeof(Storage)=="undefined"){
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>alert("您的浏览器不支持Web Storage");
}
else{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//localStorage和sessionStorage程序代码
}
注意:IE和Firefox测试时需要把文件上传到服务器或者localhost才能运行。建议测试时使用Google Chrome浏览器。
二、具体学习
1、访问localStorage
相同网站是指:协议、主机(domain与ip)、传输端口(port)都必须相同。
WebStorage只允许存储字符串数据,有以下3种访问localStorage的方法,前面的window可以不写
- Storage对象的setItem和getItem方法(key:"userdata",value:"Hello World")
- 存储:window.localStorage.setItem(key,value);
- 读取:var v = window.localStorage.getItem(key);
- 数组索引
- 存储:window.localStorage[key] = value;
- 读取:var v = window.localStorage[key];
- 属性
- 存储:window.localStorage.key = value;
- 读取:var v = window.localStorage.key;
<span style="font-size:14px;"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>网页存储localStorage</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function onLoad(){
if(typeof(Storage)=="undefined"){
alert("Sorry!你的浏览器不支持Web Storage");
}
else{
btn_save.addEventListener("click",saveToLocalStorage);
btn_load.addEventListener("click",loadFromLocalStorage);
}
}
function saveToLocalStorage(){
<strong>localStorage.username = inputname.value;</strong>
}
function loadFromLocalStorage(){
<strong>show_LocalStorage.innerHTML = localStorage.username+"你好,欢迎来到我的网站!";</strong>
}
</script>
</head>
<body οnlοad="onLoad()">
请输入你的姓名:<input type="text" id="inputname" value="" /><br/>
<div id="show_LocalStorage"></div><br />
<button id="btn_save">存储到localStorage</button>
<button id="btn_load">从localStorage读取数据</button>
</body>
</html></span><span style="font-size: 18px;">
</span>
二、删除localStorage
要想删除某一条localStorage数据,可以调用removeItem方法或者delete属性进行删除。
window.localStorage.removeItem("userdata");
delete window.localStorage.userdata;
delete.window.localStorage["userdata"];
要想删除全部的localStorage数据,可以使用clear()方法。
localStorage.clear();
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>网页存储localStorage</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function onLoad(){
if(typeof(Storage)=="undefined"){
alert("Sorry!你的浏览器不支持Web Storage");
}
else{
btn_save.addEventListener("click",saveToLocalStorage);
btn_load.addEventListener("click",loadFromLocalStorage);
btn_clear.addEventListener("click",clearLocalStorage);
}
}
function saveToLocalStorage(){
localStorage.username = inputname.value;
}
function loadFromLocalStorage(){
show_LocalStorage.innerHTML = localStorage.username+"你好,欢迎来到我的网站!";
}
function clearLocalStorage(){
<strong>localStorage.clear();</strong>
show_LocalStorage.innerHTML = localStorage.username;
}
</script>
</head>
<body οnlοad="onLoad()">
请输入你的姓名:<input type="text" id="inputname" value="" /><br/>
<div id="show_LocalStorage"></div><br />
<button id="btn_save">存储到localStorage</button>
<button id="btn_load">从localStorage读取数据</button>
<button id="btn_clear">清除localStorage数据</button>
</body>
</html>
三、访问sessionStorage
- 存储
- window.sessionStorage.setItem(key,value);
- window.sessionStorage [key] = [value];
- window.sessionStorage.key = value;
- 读取
- var v = window.sessionStorage.getItem(key);
- var v = window.sessionStorage [key];
- var v = window.sessionStorage.key;
- 清除
- window.sessionStorage.removeItem(key);
- delete window.sessionStorage.key;
- delete window.sessionStorage [key];
- //全部清除
- sessionStorage.clear();
<span style="font-size:14px;"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>网页存储sessionStorage</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function onLoad(){
inputSpan.style.display = 'none';
if(typeof(Storage)=="undefined"){
alert("Sorry!你的浏览器不支持Web Storage");
}
else{
/*判断姓名是否已经存入localStorage,已存入时才执行{ }内的命令*/
if(localStorage.username){
/*数据不存在时返回undefined*/
if(!localStorage.counter){
localStorage.counter = 1; /*初始值设为1*/
}
else{
localStorage.counter++; /*递增*/
}
btn_login.style.display = 'none'; /*隐藏“登录”按钮*/
show_LocalStorage.innerHTML = localStorage.username+"你好,这是你第"+localStorage.counter+"次来到网站";
}
btn_login.addEventListener("click",login);
btn_send.addEventListener("click",sendok);
btn_logout.addEventListener("click",clearLocalStorage);
}
}
function sendok(){
localStorage.username = inputname.value;
location.reload(); /*重载网页*/
}
function login(){
inputSpan.style.display = '';
}
function clearLocalStorage(){
localStorage.clear(); /*情况localStorage*/
show_LocalStorage.innerHTML = "已成功注销!";
btn_login.style.display = ''; /*显示“登录”按钮*/
inputSpan.style.display = ''; /*显示姓名输入框和“提交”按钮*/
}
</script>
</head>
<body οnlοad="onLoad()">
<button id="btn_login">登录</button>
<button id="btn_logout">注销</button><br />
<span id="inputSpan">请输入你的姓名:<input type="text" id="inputname" value="" /><button id="btn_send">提交</button></span><br />
<div id="show_LocalStorage"></div><br />
</body>
</html></span><span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 24px;">
</span>
上例中localStorage.counter++;如果改成localStorage.counter = localStorage.counter +1;就会出现”11111......“
JavaScript将字符串转换成为数字可以用Number()方法,localStorage.counter = Number(localStorage.counter )+1;