20121104(001)ARC App 内存管理机制之引用计数

目标：掌握引用计数的概念，学会使用release 释放对对象的引用

原理：ios内存管理机制是通过使用引用计数器来管理内存的，每一个对象都拥有一个retainCount，当对象刚创建时，其retainCount为1,当向对象发送retain消息时，其retainCount计数器＋1,当向对象发送release消息时，其retainCount－1，且当一个对象的retainCount 为0时，系统会自动调用该对象的dealloc()方法。

首先：我们创建了一个Person对象

让其在.m文件中重写dealloc()方法，

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

- (void)dealloc
{
    NSLog(@"Person dealloc");
    [super dealloc];
}

@end

然后：在main文件中

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{

    @autoreleasepool {
        
        // create person object
        Person *jack = [[Person alloc] init];   //retainCount = 1
        NSLog(@"jack1 retainCount = %ld",[jack retainCount]);
        
        [jack retain];                          //retainCount = 2
        NSLog(@"jack2 retainCount = %ld",[jack retainCount]);
        
        [jack retain];                          //retainCount = 3
        NSLog(@"jack3 retainCount = %ld",[jack retainCount]);
        
        [jack release];                         //retainCount = 2
        NSLog(@"jack release retainCount = %ld",[jack retainCount]);
        [jack release];                         //retainCount = 1;
        NSLog(@"jack release retainCount = %ld",[jack retainCount]);
        [jack release];                         //retainCount = 0; jack对象销毁，自动调用dealloc方法
    }
    return 0;
}