spring技术内幕读书笔记--springmvc组件

今天对《spring技术内幕》一书中有关springmvc组件的章节做一个简单总结。

springmvc的web环境配置

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>application</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>application</servlet-name>
    <!--<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>-->
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:META-INF/spring/camel-context.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet是springmvc的主类
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener是springIOC容器的启动类,spring的配置文件路径通过contextConfigLocation属性声明。

IOC容器(ContextLoaderListener)启动

ioc容器的启动由org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener类来实现,ContextLoaderListener实现了ServletContextListener,所以web容器启动时,会自动启动ContextLoaderListener类并执行相应的初始化方法(ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized)。

spring容器上下文的建立是由ContextListener完成的,流程如图所示。
这里写图片描述

ContextListener是ContextLoaderListener的基类,我们来看具体初始化ioc容器的方法

/**
 * Initialize Spring's web application context for the given servlet context,
 * using the application context provided at construction time, or creating a new one
 * according to the "{@link #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM contextClass}" and
 * "{@link #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM contextConfigLocation}" context-params.
 * @param servletContext current servlet context
 * @return the new WebApplicationContext
 * @see #ContextLoader(WebApplicationContext)
 * @see #CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM
 * @see #CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM
 */
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
    // 判断web容器servletContext中是否已经由springioc的上下文对象
    if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(
                "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
                "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
    }
    Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
    servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
        logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
    }
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    try {
        // 创建springioc的上下对象
        if (this.context == null) {
            this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        }
        if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
            ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
            if (!cwac.isActive()) {
                if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
                    // 设置容器的双亲容器
                    ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
                    cwac.setParent(parent);
                }
                // 执行ioc容器的refresh方法,开始真正启动容器
                configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
            }
        }
        // 将生成的ioc容器上下文对象设置到servletContext中,以后在web容器中,可以通过WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE获取到ioc容器
        servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
        ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
            currentContext = this.context;
        }
        else if (ccl != null) {
            currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
        }
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
                    WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
        }
        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
            logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
        }
        return this.context;
    }
    catch (RuntimeException ex) {
        logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
        servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
        throw ex;
    }
    catch (Error err) {
        logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
        servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
        throw err;
    }
}

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
    if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
        String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
        if (idParam != null) {
            wac.setId(idParam);
        }
        else {
            wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
                    ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
        }
    }
    wac.setServletContext(sc);
    // 获取web.xml中配置的contextConfigLocation属性
    String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
    if (configLocationParam != null) {
        // 给容器设置配置属性的路径
        wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
    }
    ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
    if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
        ((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
    }
    customizeContext(sc, wac);
    // 好熟悉的方法,不解释~
    wac.refresh();
}

接着看下创建容器对象的方法(ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext)

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
    // 获取ioc容器的class对象,如:org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
    Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
    if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
        throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
                "] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
    }
    return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}

protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
    // 若我们在web.xml中指定了contextClass属性,则使用自定义ioc容器对象
    String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
    if (contextClassName != null) {
        try {
            return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException(
                    "Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
        }
    }
    else {
        // 否则使用默认的ioc容器,org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
        // 默认ioc容器配置在ContextLoader.properties文件中
        contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
        try {
            return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException(
                    "Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
        }
    }
}

默认的ioc容器获取方式
String contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
ContextLoader.properties文件内容
org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext

至此,org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener监听类的使命基本完成,将spring的ioc容器初始化完成并设置到了web容器的servletContext对象的属性中,并可以通过WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE获取到ioc容器的上下文对象。

DispatcherServlet

  1. DispatcherServlet的启动和初始化

DispatcherServlet,类的继承关系
这里写图片描述

DispatcherServlet的大致处理过程
这里写图片描述

web容器启动–>HttpServlet.init()–>FrameworkServlet.initServletBean()–>FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext()–>FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext()–>DispatcherServlet.initStrategies()
这是一个DispatcherServlet启动和初始化的大致调用链流程。

接下来研究一下启动和初始化的具体过程,从FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext为入口进行研究

protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
    // 从servletContext中通过WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE,获取
    // ContextLoaderListener生成的根ioc上下文对象
    WebApplicationContext rootContext =
            WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
    WebApplicationContext wac = null;
    if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
        wac = this.webApplicationContext;
        if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
            ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
            if (!cwac.isActive()) {
                if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
                    cwac.setParent(rootContext);
                }
                configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
            }
        }
    }
    if (wac == null) {
        wac = findWebApplicationContext();
    }
    // 根据springmvc自己的配置文件创建子ioc容器对象,并将rootContext设置为双亲容器
    if (wac == null) {
        wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
    }
    if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
        // 初始化DispatcherServlet的HandlerMappings、HandlerAdapters等mvc组件
        onRefresh(wac);
    }
    // 将当前建立的容器对象设置到servletContext对象中
    if (this.publishContext) {
        String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
        getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
        if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
                    "' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
        }
    }
    return wac;
}

我们看一下springmvc建立ioc容器的具体方法(FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext)

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ApplicationContext parent) {
    Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
    if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        this.logger.debug("Servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
                "' will try to create custom WebApplicationContext context of class '" +
                contextClass.getName() + "'" + ", using parent context [" + parent + "]");
    }
    if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
        throw new ApplicationContextException(
                "Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
                "': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
                "] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
    }
    ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
            (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
    wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
    // 将ContextLoaderListener生成的根ioc上下文对象设置为双亲上下文
    wac.setParent(parent);
    wac.setConfigLocation(getContextConfigLocation());
    // 设置容器上下文对象的Namespace、调用refresh()
    configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
    return wac;
}

这里的wac.setConfigLocation(getContextConfigLocation())和Namespace会在此处用到

/**
 * 获取springmvc的配置文件路径,若配置了DispatcherServlet的contextConfigLocation属性,则加载             
 * contextConfigLocation的值,如contextConfigLocation没有指定,则根据Namespace获取"/WEB-INF/$(namespace).xml",若namespace没有指定,生成一个默认的namespace "$(ServletName)-servlet"
 * /
protected String[] getConfigLocations() {
    return (this.configLocations != null ? this.configLocations : getDefaultConfigLocations());
}

/**
 * 获取默认配置文件路径"/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml" or "/WEB-INF/test-servlet.xml"
 * /
protected String[] getDefaultConfigLocations() {
    if (getNamespace() != null) {
        return new String[] {DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_PREFIX + getNamespace() + DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION_SUFFIX};
    }
    else {
        return new String[] {DEFAULT_CONFIG_LOCATION};
    }
}

这样DispatcherServlet中的ioc容器已经建立起来了,对于一个bean的查找规则,系统会先从DispatcherServlet的双亲ioc容器中查找,如果找不到,再从DispatcherServlet自己的ioc容器中进行查找。

接下来便是对spring mvc框架的初始化,入口为DispatcherServlet.initStrategies()

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
    initMultipartResolver(context);
    initLocaleResolver(context);
    initThemeResolver(context);
    initHandlerMappings(context);
    initHandlerAdapters(context);
    initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
    initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
    initViewResolvers(context);
    initFlashMapManager(context);
}

这里将对三个组件的初始化方法HandlerMappings、HandlerAdapters做进一步研究

下面我们来分析下HandlerMappings的初始化

private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
    this.handlerMappings = null;
    // 默认加载所有的HandlerMappings
    if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
        Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
                BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
        if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
            this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<HandlerMapping>(matchingBeans.values());
            AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
        }
    }
    else {
        try {
            // 只加载指定的beanName为"handlerMapping"的HandlerMappings
            HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
            this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
        }
        catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
        }
    }
    // 从springmvc框架配置文件中加载默认的HandlerMappings
    if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
        this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("No HandlerMappings found in servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default");
        }
    }
}

这里需要做一个说明
1)我们通过mvc:annotation-driven注解,会自动在容器中注册两个HandlerMappings
-> “org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping”
-> “org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping”
2)若我们没有做任何HandlerMappings的配置,mvc框架会根据DispatcherServlet.properties配置文件,加载两个HandlerMappings
-> “org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping”
-> “org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping”

  1. MVC处理HTTP分发请求

HandlerMapping是mvc非常重要的组件,它持有着url与对应controller的映射关系。
HandlerMapping实现

这里写图片描述

下面我们通过常用的org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping来解析一下url与对应controller的映射关系的注册过程。

RequestMappingHandlerMapping继承关系
这里写图片描述

RequestMappingHandlerMapping在向容器注册时,ioc会回调afterPropertiesSet方法,我们跟进到AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.detectHandlerMethods方法

protected void detectHandlerMethods(final Object handler) {
    Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ?
            getApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass());
    final Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType);
    // 建立controller中的Method对象与url的映射关系
    Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType,
            new MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>() {
                @Override
                public T inspect(Method method) {
                    // 建立Method对象与url映射关系的具体实现,由具体子类实现
                    return getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
                }
            });
    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug(methods.size() + " request handler methods found on " + userType + ": " + methods);
    }
    for (Map.Entry<Method, T> entry : methods.entrySet()) {
        // 将映射关系注册到框架中
        registerHandlerMethod(handler, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
    }
}

我们看一下具体的注册过程(AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.MappingRegistry.register())

public void register(T mapping, Object handler, Method method) {
    this.readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();
    try {
        // 创建HandlerMethod对象实例
        HandlerMethod handlerMethod = createHandlerMethod(handler, method);
        assertUniqueMethodMapping(handlerMethod, mapping);
        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            logger.info("Mapped \"" + mapping + "\" onto " + handlerMethod);
        }
        // 将url路径与HandlerMethod对象进行映射
        this.mappingLookup.put(mapping, handlerMethod);
        List<String> directUrls = getDirectUrls(mapping);
        for (String url : directUrls) {
            // 对url进行正则加工,可以进行模糊匹配
            this.urlLookup.add(url, mapping);
        }
        String name = null;
        if (getNamingStrategy() != null) {
            name = getNamingStrategy().getName(handlerMethod, mapping);
            addMappingName(name, handlerMethod);
        }
        CorsConfiguration corsConfig = initCorsConfiguration(handler, method, mapping);
        if (corsConfig != null) {
            this.corsLookup.put(handlerMethod, corsConfig);
        }
        // 建立url与MappingRegistration的映射关系,MappingRegistration中有handlerMethod信息
        this.registry.put(mapping, new MappingRegistration<T>(mapping, handlerMethod, directUrls, name));
    }
    finally {
        this.readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
    }
}

至此,url与controller中的mothed映射关系已经建立,存储在2个map中
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.MappingRegistry中的
这里写图片描述

结下来mvc框架就可以对请求进行分发处理了
先看一下请求的处理过程

这里写图片描述

请求调用链
FrameworkServlet.doGet —-> FrameworkServlet.processRequest —-> DispatcherServlet.doService —-> DispatcherServlet.doDispatch

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
    HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
    boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
    WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
    try {
        ModelAndView mv = null;
        Exception dispatchException = null;
        try {
            processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
            multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
            // 获取处理当前请求的目标调用方法元信息对象HandlerExecutionChain.
            mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
            if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
                noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
                return;
            }
            // 获取当前request请求的Adapter处理适配器.
            HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
            String method = request.getMethod();
            boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
            if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
                long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
                }
                if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            // 执行Interceptor拦截器的preHandle方法
            if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
                return;
            }
            // Adapter处理适配器执行controller中的目标方法.
            mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
            if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
                return;
            }
            applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
            // 执行Interceptor拦截器的postHandle方法
            mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            dispatchException = ex;
        }
        // 调用render返回view视图结果
        processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
        triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
    }
    catch (Error err) {
        triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err);
    }
    finally {
        if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
            // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
            if (mappedHandler != null) {
                mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
            }
        }
        else {
            // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
            if (multipartRequestParsed) {
                cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
            }
        }
    }
}

doDispatch方法基本实现了mvc框架的整个请求调用和响应的流程
大致分为3个步骤
1)getHandler 通过url获取到需要调用的controller中的目标方法
2)获取Adapter处理适配器
3)由Adapter的handle方法执行controller中的目标方法的具体的调用过程,并将方法的返回结果设置到ModelAndView对象中
4)调用render方法response视图

controller中的目标方法的获取AbstractHandlerMapping.getHandler

public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
    // 根据请求路径获取对应的controller目标方法信息
    Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
    if (handler == null) {
        // 获取/路径的目标方法信息
        handler = getDefaultHandler();
    }
    if (handler == null) {
        return null;
    }
    if (handler instanceof String) {
        String handlerName = (String) handler;
        handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
    }
    // 将调用目标信息封装到HandlerExecutionChain对象中
    HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
    if (CorsUtils.isCorsRequest(request)) {
        CorsConfiguration globalConfig = this.corsConfigSource.getCorsConfiguration(request);
        CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
        CorsConfiguration config = (globalConfig != null ? globalConfig.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
        executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
    }
    return executionChain;
}

@Override
protected HandlerMethod getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
    String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request);
    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Looking up handler method for path " + lookupPath);
    }
    this.mappingRegistry.acquireReadLock();
    try {
        HandlerMethod handlerMethod = lookupHandlerMethod(lookupPath, request);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            if (handlerMethod != null) {
                logger.debug("Returning handler method [" + handlerMethod + "]");
            }
            else {
                logger.debug("Did not find handler method for [" + lookupPath + "]");
            }
        }
        return (handlerMethod != null ? handlerMethod.createWithResolvedBean() : null);
    }
    finally {
        this.mappingRegistry.releaseReadLock();
    }
}

protected HandlerMethod lookupHandlerMethod(String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
    List<Match> matches = new ArrayList<Match>();
    // 从url和controller目标对象映射关系的map中获取url对应的目标方法信息
    List<T> directPathMatches = this.mappingRegistry.getMappingsByUrl(lookupPath);
    if (directPathMatches != null) {
        addMatchingMappings(directPathMatches, matches, request);
    }
    if (matches.isEmpty()) {
        addMatchingMappings(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), matches, request);
    }
    if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
        Comparator<Match> comparator = new MatchComparator(getMappingComparator(request));
        Collections.sort(matches, comparator);
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Found " + matches.size() + " matching mapping(s) for [" +
                    lookupPath + "] : " + matches);
        }
        Match bestMatch = matches.get(0);
        if (matches.size() > 1) {
            if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
                return PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH;
            }
            Match secondBestMatch = matches.get(1);
            if (comparator.compare(bestMatch, secondBestMatch) == 0) {
                Method m1 = bestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
                Method m2 = secondBestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
                throw new IllegalStateException("Ambiguous handler methods mapped for HTTP path '" +
                        request.getRequestURL() + "': {" + m1 + ", " + m2 + "}");
            }
        }
        handleMatch(bestMatch.mapping, lookupPath, request);
        return bestMatch.handlerMethod;
    }
    else {
        return handleNoMatch(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), lookupPath, request);
    }
}

可以看到这里的url和controller目标方法的映射关系是从AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.MappingRegistry中的
这里写图片描述
这两个map对象中获取的,上面我们在HandlerMapping的初始化过程中有提到过

之后会获取对应的Adapter并调用其handle方法
⚠️:如果配置了多个Adapter,只有第一个会执行,HandlerAdapter只会执行一个,其他的自动忽略。
我们这里研究的是org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
通过注解在初始化HandlerAdapter时被设置到ioc容器中
这个Adaper会执行controller中的目标方法的具体的调用过程
Object returnValue = doInvoke(args);
并将方法的返回结果根据类型用对应的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler进行处理
并将returnValue设置到ModelAndViewContainer对象中。

  1. MVC视图呈现

视图继承结构
这里写图片描述

Adapter返回的ModelAndView会被DispatcherServlet.render方法处理

protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    Locale locale = this.localeResolver.resolveLocale(request);
    response.setLocale(locale);
    View view;
    if (mv.isReference()) {
        // 获取试图解析器
        view = resolveViewName(mv.getViewName(), mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
        if (view == null) {
            throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() +
                    "' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
        }
    }
    else {
        view = mv.getView();
        if (view == null) {
            throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " +
                    "View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
        }
    }
    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Rendering view [" + view + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
    }
    try {
        // 执行视图解析器中的render方法
        view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Error rendering view [" + view + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" +
                    getServletName() + "'", ex);
        }
        throw ex;
    }
}

对于viewResolver对象的获取如果我们配置解析器,没有指定beanName为viewResolver的解析器,框架会根据DispatcherServlet.properties配置文件用默认的解析器org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver

    @Override
    public void render(Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Rendering view with name '" + this.beanName + "' with model " + model +
                " and static attributes " + this.staticAttributes);
        }

        Map<String, Object> mergedModel = createMergedOutputModel(model, request, response);
        prepareResponse(request, response);
        // 由具体的视图解析器实现
        renderMergedOutputModel(mergedModel, getRequestToExpose(request), response);
    }

    /**
      * 以jsp解析器org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver为例
      */
    @Override
    protected void renderMergedOutputModel(
            Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

        // 将ModelAndView中的数据设置为request的属性,request.setAttribute(modelName, modelValue);
        exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);
        exposeHelpers(request);
        // 获取转发路径.
        String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(request, response);
        // 将转发路径设置到request对象中request.getRequestDispatcher(path)
        RequestDispatcher rd = getRequestDispatcher(request, dispatcherPath);
        if (rd == null) {
            throw new ServletException("Could not get RequestDispatcher for [" + getUrl() +
                    "]: Check that the corresponding file exists within your web application archive!");
        }
        if (useInclude(request, response)) {
            response.setContentType(getContentType());
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Including resource [" + getUrl() + "] in InternalResourceView '" + getBeanName() + "'");
            }
            rd.include(request, response);
        }

        else {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Forwarding to resource [" + getUrl() + "] in InternalResourceView '" + getBeanName() + "'");
            }
            // forword将请求转发,结束
            rd.forward(request, response);
        }
    }

其实以org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver视图为例,主要做了2件事
1)将Adapter返回的ModelAndView对象中的数据设置为request对象中属性
2)执行RequestDispatcher.forward(request, response),执行请求跳转

至此,springmvc执行流程大致结束

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