1 命令汇总
命令 | 说明 |
---|---|
attach Attach to a running container | 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像 |
build Build an image from a Dockerfile | 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像 |
commit Create a new image from a container changes | 提交当前容器为新的镜像 |
cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path | 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中 |
create Create a new container | 创建一个新的容器,同 run,但不启动容器 |
diff Inspect changes on a container’s filesystem | 查看 docker 容器变化 |
events Get real time events from the server | 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件 |
exec Run a command in an existing container | 在已存在的容器上运行命令 |
export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive | 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ] |
history Show the history of an image | 展示一个镜像形成历史 |
images List images | 列出系统当前镜像 |
import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball | 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应export] |
info Display system-wide information | #显示系统相关信息 |
inspect Return low-level information on a container | 查看容器详细信息 |
kill Kill a running container | kill 指定 docker 容器 |
load Load an image from a tar archive | 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save] |
login Register or Login to the docker registry server | 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器 |
logout Log out from a Docker registry server | 从当前 Docker registry 退出 |
logs Fetch the logs of a container | 输出当前容器日志信息 |
port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT | 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口 |
pause Pause all processes within a container | 暂停容器 |
ps List containers | 列出容器列表 |
pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server | 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像 |
push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server | 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器 |
restart Restart a running container | 重启运行的容器 |
rm Remove one or more containers | 移除一个或者多个容器 |
rmi Remove one or more images | 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除,否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除] |
run Run a command in a new container | 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令 |
save Save an image to a tar archive | 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load] |
search Search for an image on the Docker Hub | 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像 |
start Start a stopped containers | 启动容器 |
stop Stop a running containers | 停止容器 |
tag Tag an image into a repository | 给源中镜像打标签 |
top Lookup the running processes of a container | 查看容器中运行的进程信息 |
unpause Unpause a paused container | 取消暂停容器 |
version Show the docker version information | 查看 docker 版本号 |
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code | 截取容器停止时的退出状态值 |
2. 帮助命令
- docker info
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker info
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.1-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.17.0)
Server:
Containers: 7
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 7
Images: 27
Server Version: 20.10.14
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 3df54a852345ae127d1fa3092b95168e4a88e2f8
runc version: v1.0.3-0-gf46b6ba
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 8 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.775GiB
Name: VM-16-8-centos
ID: B3SI:24CB:2SEV:PSQX:GSZI:BAMX:73L3:MYZ6:HD2R:4SQ3:MNWF:YI7C
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
localhost:5000
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://***.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
- docker version
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.14
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.16.15
Git commit: a224086
Built: Thu Mar 24 01:47:44 2022
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.14
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.16.15
Git commit: 87a90dc
Built: Thu Mar 24 01:46:10 2022
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.5.11
GitCommit: 3df54a852345ae127d1fa3092b95168e4a88e2f8
runc:
Version: 1.0.3
GitCommit: v1.0.3-0-gf46b6ba
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
- docker --help
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker --help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env
var and default context set with "docker context use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
app* Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
builder Manage builds
buildx* Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.1-docker)
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
image Manage images
manifest Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
scan* Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.17.0)
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/
3. 镜像命令
3.1 列出镜像 【docker images 】
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker images --help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show image IDs
OPTIONS说明:
-a :列出本地所有的镜像(含中间映像层,默认情况下,过滤掉中间映像层);
–digests :显示镜像的摘要信息;
-f :显示满足条件的镜像;
当前支持的过滤配置的key为
- dangling:显示标记为空的镜像,值只有true和false
docker images -f dangling=true- label:这个是根据标签进行过滤,其中lable的值,是docker在编译的时候配置的或者在Dockerfile中配置的
- before:这个是根据时间来进行过滤,其中before的value表示某个镜像构建时间之前的镜像列表
docker images -f before=true- since:跟before正好相反,表示的是在某个镜像构建之后构建的镜像 reference:这个是添加正则进行匹配
docker images -f since=true- reference:这个是添加正则进行匹配
docker images --filter reference=:
–format :指定返回值的模板文件;
docker images --format “{{.ID}}\t{{.Repository}}”
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker images --format "{{.ID}}\t{{.Repository}}"
76097b63837a narutonginx
41f57377def5 mredis
–no-trunc :显示完整的镜像信息;
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker images --no-trunc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
narutonginx v1.0 sha256:76097b63837aed495b5b739c75a5f79ac849d333fca7ea53b99f8befbe34ccc8 3 weeks ago 196MB
mredis 6.2.6 sha256:41f57377def582d4c47f96f0470d57820992dba70fd90b80f0b058f90404ac16 5 weeks ago 113MB
-q :只显示镜像ID。
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker images -q
76097b63837a
41f57377def5
41f57377def5
3.2 查找镜像 【docker search [OPTIONS] TERM】
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker search --help
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search the Docker Hub for images
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-
-a :列出本地所有的镜像(含中间映像层,默认情况下,过滤掉中间映像层);
-
–digests :显示镜像的摘要信息;
-
-f :显示满足条件的镜像;
3.3 下载镜像
docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
docker pull 镜像名字
docker pull 镜像名字[:TAG]
3.4 删除镜像
docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE…]
docker rmi -f 镜像ID
docker rmi -f 镜像名1:TAG 镜像名2:TAG
docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)
4 容器命令
为了更好的学习和演示,我在这里下载一个ubuntu的镜像
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker search ubuntu --limit 2
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
ubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating sys… 14340 [OK]
websphere-liberty WebSphere Liberty multi-architecture images … 284 [OK]
4.1 创建新容器并运行
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG…]
OPTIONS说明:
-
a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型,可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项;
-
-d: 后台运行容器,并返回容器ID;
-
-i: 以交互模式运行容器,通常与 -t 同时使用;
-
-P: 随机端口映射,容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口
-
-p: 指定端口映射,格式为:主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
-
-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端,通常与 -i 同时使用;
-
–name=“nginx-lb”: 为容器指定一个名称;
-
–dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器,默认和宿主一致;
-
–dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名,默认和宿主一致;
-
-h “mars”: 指定容器的hostname;
-
-e username=“ritchie”: 设置环境变量;
-
–env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量;
-
–cpuset=“0-2” or --cpuset=“0,1,2”: 绑定容器到指定CPU运行;
-
-m :设置容器使用内存最大值;
-
–net=“bridge”: 指定容器的网络连接类型,支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型;
-
–link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器;
-
–expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口;
-
–volume , -v: 绑定一个卷
实例:
- 使用docker镜像nginx:latest以后台模式启动一个容器,并将容器命名为mynginx。
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker run --name mynginx -d nginx:latest
2136168cedbab5f411415ae4131d1816c7661ad9dd60cdf66a2acc3118a22660
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2136168cedba nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp mynginx
- 使用镜像nginx:latest以后台模式启动一个容器,并将容器的80端口映射到主机随机端口。
docker run -P -d nginx:latest - 使用镜像 nginx:latest,以后台模式启动一个容器,将容器的 80 端口映射到主机的 80 端口,主机的目录 /data 映射到容器的 /data。
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker run -p 80:80 -v /data:/data -d nginx:latest
41885475beeecdd99a78d0a04520a7d86f5284ad3a5a83d57a37f779da6ee87b
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
41885475beee nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nostalgic_torvalds
2136168cedba nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 80/tcp mynginx
- 绑定容器的 8080 端口,并将其映射到本地主机 127.0.0.1 的 80 端口上。
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:8080/tcp ubuntu bash
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
7b1a6ab2e44d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:626ffe58f6e7566e00254b638eb7e0f3b11d4da9675088f4781a50ae288f3322
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
docker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint gallant_lamarr (b25eea83f9bf0d3a32456d38faa6c2507e2ded79652ae4e9c177665f4271599a): Error starting userland proxy: listen tcp4 127.0.0.1:80: bind: address already in use.
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
41885475beee nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp nostalgic_torvalds
2136168cedba nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp mynginx
- 使用镜像nginx:latest以交互模式启动一个容器,在容器内执行/bin/bash命令。
[root@VM-16-8-centos ~]# docker run -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
root@3027cdc684f8:/# ls
bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
root@3027cdc684f8:/#
4.2 列出容器 docker ps [OPTIONS]
OPTIONS说明:
-
-a :显示所有的容器,包括未运行的。
-
-f :根据条件过滤显示的内容。
-
–format :指定返回值的模板文件。
-
-l :显示最近创建的容器。
-
-n :列出最近创建的n个容器。
-
–no-trunc :不截断输出。
-
-q :静默模式,只显示容器编号。
-
-s :显示总的文件大小。
4.3 退出容器
容器停止退出
exit
容器不停止退出
ctrl+P+Q
4.4 启动容器
docker start 容器ID或者容器名
4.5 重启容器
docker restart 容器ID或者容器名
4.6 停止容器
docker stop 容器ID或者容器名
4.7 强制停止容器
docker kill 容器ID或者容器名
4.8 删除已停止的容器
docker rm 容器ID
一次性删除多个容器:
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm
4.9 启动守护式容器
docker run -d 容器名
使用镜像ubuntu:latest以后台模式启动一个容器 docker run -d ubuntu
问题:docker ps -a 进行查看, 会发现容器已经退出
很重要的要说明的一点: Docker容器后台运行,就必须有一个前台进程.
容器运行的命令如果不是那些 一直挂起的命令 (比如运行top,tail),就是会自动退出的。
这个是docker的机制问题,比如你的web容器,我们以nginx为例,正常情况下,我们配置启动服务只需要启动响应的service即可。
例如 service nginx start
但是,这样做,nginx为后台进程模式运行,就导致docker前台没有运行的应用,
这样的容器后台启动后,会立即自杀因为他觉得他没事可做了.
所以,最佳的解决方案是,将你要运行的程序以前台进程的形式运行
4.10 查看容器日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器ID
-t 是加入时间戳
-f 跟随最新的日志打印
–tail 数字 显示最后多少条
4.11 查看容器内运行的进程
docker top 容器ID
4.12 查看容器内部细节
docker inspect 容器ID
4.13 进入正在运行的容器并以命令行交互
docker exec -it 容器ID bash
重新进入docker attach 容器ID
上述两个区别
attach 直接进入容器启动命令的终端,不会启动新的进程
exec 是在容器中打开新的终端,并且可以启动新的进程
4.14 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的主机路径
转载声明:
本文为CSDN博主「步尔斯特」的原创文章,遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接:https://issavior.blog.csdn.net/article/details/124236004
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