哈夫曼树的建立

 哈夫曼算法一般用来实现数据压缩,以另外一种规则存储数据,从而达到压缩的功能。

 

      以下是我编写的一个哈夫曼树的例子:

     

      程序描述:1.传入一个字符串,将之分解,得到每个字符的个数,个数即为权值    

                     2.将每一个字符和他的权值传入一个HFMNode对象中, 再将该对象传入一个队列中

                     3.将队列中的HFMNode对象按权值大小排序,每次取其中权值最小的两个对象,生成一个二叉树,

                        向array中删除这两个权值最小的节点,同时添加该两对象的父节点

                     4.编码   按规则:从根节点开始,向左走一步编码加+1,向右走一步编码+0

 

 

     以下为源码:

 

 哈夫曼节点的类

package tree;                                                                                       
                                                                                                    
public class HFMNode {                                                                              
                                                                                                    
  //节点一共有三种:                                                                                        
  //1.根节点          根节点没有父节点                                                                         
  //2.叶节点          没有子节点                                                                            
  //3.中间节点     有父节点和子节点                                                                             
  private  HFMNode parent ;                                                                         
  private  HFMNode leftChild ;                                                                      
  private  HFMNode rightChild;                                                                      
  private  char s ;//节点所储存的字符                                                                       
  private  int weight=0 ;//所储存节点的权值                                                                 
  private  String code="" ;//字符对应的哈夫曼编码                                                             
                                                                                                    
  public void setParent(HFMNode parent){                                                            
   this.parent = parent ;                                                                        
  }                                                                                                 
  public HFMNode getParent(){                                                                       
   return this.parent ;                                                                          
  }                                                                                                 
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
  public void setLeftChild(HFMNode leftChild){                                                      
   this.leftChild = leftChild ;                                                                  
  }                                                                                                 
  public HFMNode getLeftChild(){                                                                    
   return this.leftChild ;                                                                       
  }                                                                                                 
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
  public void setRightChild(HFMNode rightChild){                                                    
   this.rightChild = rightChild ;                                                                
  }                                                                                                 
  public HFMNode getRightChild(){                                                                   
   return this.rightChild ;                                                                      
  }                                                                                                 
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
  public void setWeight(int weight){                                                                
   this.weight = weight ;                                                                        
  }                                                                                                 
  public int getWeight(){                                                                           
   return this.weight ;                                                                          
  }                                                                                                 
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
  public void setChar(char s){                                                                      
   this.s = s ;                                                                                  
  }                                                                                                 
  public char getChar(){                                                                            
   return this.s ;                                                                               
  }                                                                                                 
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
  public void setCode(String code){                                                                 
   this.code = code ;                                                                            
  }                                                                                                 
  public String getCode(){                                                                          
   return this.code ;                                                                            
  }                                                                                                 
}  

 

 

 

 哈夫曼树的类     

package tree;                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                
import java.util.ArrayList;                                                                                     
                                                                                                                
public class ConstructHFM {                                                                                     
                                                                                                                
 private String data ;//传入的字符串                                                                               
 private ArrayList<HFMNode> array = new ArrayList<HFMNode>();                                                
 private ArrayList<HFMNode> nodeArray = new ArrayList<HFMNode>();//储存所有的节点                                       
                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
 public ConstructHFM(String data){                                                                           
  this.data = data ;                                                                                      
 }                                                                                                            
   /**

    *得到字符串的编码

    */                                                                                               
 public void getStringCode(){                                                                                
  this.setTreeNode();                                                                                     
  this.sortAndConsTree();                                                                                 
  this.setEveryCharCode(array.get(0));                                                                    
  String allCode = this.getAllCode();                                                                     
  System.out.println("*******************************************************");                           
  System.out.println(data+"的哈夫曼编码是:"+allCode);                                                            
 }                                                                                                           
                                                                                                             
                                                                                                             
 /**                                                                                                         
  * 得到不同的字符总数,                                                                                               
  * 将每一个字符和他的权值传入一个HFMNode对象中,                                                                               
  * 将此对象添加入队列中                                                                                               
  */                                                                                                         
 public void setTreeNode(){                                                                                  
  char[] s = data.toCharArray();                                                                          
  int[] charCount = new int[s.length];//与字符数组相对应,记录对应字符的个数                                                
  for(int i=0 ;i<charCount.length ;i++){                                                                  
   charCount[i] = 1 ;                                                                                  
  }                                                                                                       
                                                                                                          
  //得到字符的数目,以及每个字符的个数                                                                                     
  for(int i=0 ; i<s.length ;i++){                                                                         
   for(int j=0 ; j<i ;j++){                                                                            
    if(s[i]==s[j]){                                                                                 
     charCount[j]++;                                                                             
     charCount[i]=0;                                                                             
     break;                                                                                      
    }                                                                                               
   }                                                                                                   
  }                                                                                                       
                                                                                                          
  //将字符传入及节点对象                                                                                            
  for(int i=0 ;i<s.length ;i++){                                                                          
   if(charCount[i]!=0){                                                                                
    HFMNode  h = new HFMNode();                                                                     
    h.setChar(s[i]) ;                                                                               
    h.setWeight(charCount[i]);                                                                      
    array.add(h);                                                                                   
    nodeArray.add(h);                                                                               
   }                                                                                                   
  }                                                                                                       
 }                                                                                                           
                                                                                                             
                                                                                                             
 /**                                                                                                         
  *  将队列array中的每个HFMNode对象按权值排序 ,                                                                            
  *  取得最后两个对象生成二叉树,                                                                                          
  *  删除这2个节点,添加其构成的父节点                                                                                       
  *  且当array中只有一个元素时,该元素为根节点                                                                                 
  */                                                                                                         
 public void sortAndConsTree(){                                                                              
  while(array.size()>=2){//冒泡排序                                                                           
   for(int i=0;i<array.size();i++){                                                                    
    HFMNode tem = array.get(i) ;                                                                    
    for(int j=i+1;j<array.size();j++){                                                              
     if(array.get(j).getWeight()>tem.getWeight()){                                               
      array.set(i, array.get(j));                                                             
      array.set(j, tem);                                                                      
      tem = array.get(i);                                                                     
     }                                                                                           
    }                                                                                               
   }                                                                                                   
                                                                                                       
   HFMNode parent = new HFMNode();                                                                     
   int len = array.size();                                                                             
   HFMNode last = array.get(len-1) ;                                                                   
   HFMNode lastSecond = array.get(len-2);                                                              
   parent.setLeftChild(last);                                                                          
   last.setParent(parent);                                                                             
   parent.setRightChild(lastSecond);                                                                   
   lastSecond.setParent(parent);                                                                       
   int  leftWeight =  last.getWeight() ;                                                                
   int  rightWeight = lastSecond.getWeight() ;                                                         
   parent.setWeight(leftWeight + rightWeight);                                                         
   array.remove(len-1);                                                                                
   array.remove(len-2);                                                                                
   array.add(parent);                                                                                  
   nodeArray.add(parent);                                                                              
  }                                                                                                       
 }                                                                                                           
                                                                                                             
                                                                                                             
 /**                                                                                                         
  * 打印每个字符的哈夫曼编码                                                                                             
  * 从根节点开始,向左走一步编码为1,向右为0                                                                                    
  */                                                                                                         
 public void setEveryCharCode(HFMNode node){                                                                 
                                                                                                          
  if(node.getLeftChild()!=null&&node.getRightChild()!=null){//判断为叶节点                                      
   node.getLeftChild().setCode(node.getCode() + 1);                                                    
   node.getRightChild().setCode(node.getCode() + 0);                                                   
   setEveryCharCode(node.getLeftChild());                                                              
   setEveryCharCode(node.getRightChild());                                                             
  }                                                                                                       
 }                                                                                                           
                                                                                                             
                                                                                                             
 /**                                                                                                         
  * 得到字符串的编码                                                                                                 
  */                                                                                                         
 public String  getAllCode(){                                                                                
                                                                                                          
  //按权值顺序打印所有叶节点的字符和编码                                                                                    
  for(int i=0;i<nodeArray.size();i++){                                                                    
   HFMNode tem = nodeArray.get(i);                                                                     
   for(int j=i+1;j<nodeArray.size();j++){                                                              
    if(nodeArray.get(j).getWeight()>tem.getWeight()){                                               
     nodeArray.set(i, nodeArray.get(j));                                                         
     nodeArray.set(j, tem);                                                                      
     tem = nodeArray.get(i);                                                                     
    }                                                                                               
   }                                                                                                   
  }                                                                                                       
  //打印所有的字符的HFM编码                                                                                         
  System.out.println("******************以下是传入字符串的权值和哈夫曼编码");                                               
  for(int j=0 ;j<nodeArray.size();j++){                                                                   
   HFMNode h = nodeArray.get(j);                                                                       
   if(h.getChar()!='\u0000'){//char型变量的默认值为'\u0000'                                                    
    System.out.println(h.getChar()+"的权值:"+h.getWeight()+"  哈夫曼编码:"+h.getCode());                    
   }                                                                                                   
  }                                                                                                       
  System.out.println("*******************以下是生成的哈夫曼树的结构");                                                  
  //打印生成HFM树的结构                                                                                           
  for(int k=0;k<nodeArray.size();k++){                                                                    
   HFMNode hfm = nodeArray.get(k);                                                                     
   if(hfm.getParent()==null){                                                                          
    System.out.println("第"+k+"个节点为根节点,其权值为:"+hfm.getWeight());                                      
   }                                                                                                   
   else if(hfm.getLeftChild()==null&&hfm.getRightChild()==null){                                       
    System.out.println("第"+k+"个节点为叶节点    字符为:"+hfm.getChar()+" 权值:"+hfm.getWeight()+"  哈夫曼编码为:"+hfm.getCode());
   }                                                                                                   
   else{                                                                                               
    System.out.println("第"+k+"个节点为中间节点,其权值为:"+hfm.getWeight());                                     
   }                                                                                                   
  }                                                                                                       
                                                                                                          
  String allCode="" ;                                                                                     
  char[] c = data.toCharArray();                                                                          
                                                                                                          
  for(int i=0;i<c.length;i++){                                                                            
   for(int j=0;j<nodeArray.size();j++){//nodeArray中储存有所有的节点,包括根节点和中间节点                                 
    if(c[i]==nodeArray.get(j).getChar()){                                                           
     allCode+=nodeArray.get(j).getCode();                                                        
     break ;                                                                                     
    }                                                                                               
   }                                                                                                   
  }                                                                                                       
  return allCode ;                                                                                        
 }                                                                                                           
                                                                                                             
 public ArrayList<HFMNode> getArray(){                                                                       
  return this.array ;                                                                                     
 }                                                                                                            

}                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  测试类    

   测试描述:  传入一个字符串  String s = "abbcccddddeeeeeffffff"

                    打印个字符的权值和哈夫曼编码,以及生成哈夫曼树的结构

package tree;

public class TestApp {
 public static void main(String[] args){
  String s = "abbcccddddeeeeeffffff" ;
  ConstructHFM  h = new ConstructHFM(s);
  h.getStringCode();
 }
}

测试结果

******************以下是传入字符串的权值和哈夫曼编码
f的权值:6  哈夫曼编码:01
e的权值:5  哈夫曼编码:10
d的权值:4  哈夫曼编码:11
c的权值:3  哈夫曼编码:000
b的权值:2  哈夫曼编码:0010
a的权值:1  哈夫曼编码:0011
*******************以下是生成的哈夫曼树的结构
第0个节点为根节点,其权值为:21
第1个节点为中间节点,其权值为:12
第2个节点为中间节点,其权值为:9
第3个节点为中间节点,其权值为:6
第4个节点为叶节点    字符为:f 权值:6  哈夫曼编码为:01
第5个节点为叶节点    字符为:e 权值:5  哈夫曼编码为:10
第6个节点为叶节点    字符为:d 权值:4  哈夫曼编码为:11
第7个节点为叶节点    字符为:c 权值:3  哈夫曼编码为:000
第8个节点为中间节点,其权值为:3
第9个节点为叶节点    字符为:b 权值:2  哈夫曼编码为:0010
第10个节点为叶节点    字符为:a 权值:1  哈夫曼编码为:0011
*******************************************************
abbcccddddeeeeeffffff的哈夫曼编码是:001100100010000000000111111111010101010010101010101

 

  

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