iOS下图像颜色检测、颜色匹配的解决方法

转载自：http://blog.csdn.net/wilmer_wu/article/details/6974481

一、像素点颜色取样（代码参考国外一篇文章，在最后列出），取出图片、view的某个像素；

- (UIColor*) getPixelColorAtLocation:(CGPoint)point {
    UIColor* color = nil;
    // get the image
    CGImageRef inImage = self.image.CGImage;
    // Create off screen bitmap context to draw the image into. Format ARGB is 4 bytes for each pixel: Alpa, Red, Green, Blue
    CGContextRef cgctx = [self createARGBBitmapContextFromImage:inImage];
    if (cgctx == NULL) { return nil; /* error */ }
    
    size_t w = CGImageGetWidth(inImage);
    size_t h = CGImageGetHeight(inImage);
    CGRect rect = {{0,0},{w,h}}; 
    
    // Draw the image to the bitmap context. Once we draw, the memory 
    // allocated for the context for rendering will then contain the 
    // raw image data in the specified color space.
    CGContextDrawImage(cgctx, rect, inImage); 
    
    // Now we can get a pointer to the image data associated with the bitmap
    // context.
    unsigned char* data = CGBitmapContextGetData (cgctx);
    if (data != NULL) {
        //offset locates the pixel in the data from x,y. 
        //4 for 4 bytes of data per pixel, w is width of one row of data.
        @try {
            int offset = 4*((w*round(point.y))+round(point.x));
            NSLog(@"offset: %d", offset);
            int alpha =  data[offset]; 
            int red = data[offset+1]; 
            int green = data[offset+2]; 
            int blue = data[offset+3]; 
            NSLog(@"offset: %i colors: RGB A %i %i %i  %i",offset,red,green,blue,alpha);
            color = [UIColor colorWithRed:(red/255.0f) green:(green/255.0f) blue:(blue/255.0f) alpha:(alpha/255.0f)];
        }
        @catch (NSException * e) {
            NSLog(@"%@",[e reason]);
        }
        @finally {
            
        }
        
    }
    
    // When finished, release the context
    CGContextRelease(cgctx); 
    // Free image data memory for the context
    if (data) { free(data); }
    
    return color;
}

- (CGContextRef)createARGBBitmapContextFromImage:(CGImageRef) inImage {
    
    CGContextRef    context = NULL;
    CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace;
    void *          bitmapData;
    int             bitmapByteCount;
    int             bitmapBytesPerRow;
    
    // Get image width, height. We'll use the entire image.
    size_t pixelsWide = CGImageGetWidth(inImage);
    size_t pixelsHigh = CGImageGetHeight(inImage);
    
    // Declare the number of bytes per row. Each pixel in the bitmap in this
    // example is represented by 4 bytes; 8 bits each of red, green, blue, and
    // alpha.
    bitmapBytesPerRow   = (pixelsWide * 4);
    bitmapByteCount     = (bitmapBytesPerRow * pixelsHigh);
    
    // Use the generic RGB color space.
    colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
    
    if (colorSpace == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error allocating color space\n");
        return NULL;
    }
    
    // Allocate memory for image data. This is the destination in memory
    // where any drawing to the bitmap context will be rendered.
    bitmapData = malloc( bitmapByteCount );
    if (bitmapData == NULL) {
        fprintf (stderr, "Memory not allocated!");
        CGColorSpaceRelease( colorSpace );
        return NULL;
    }
    
    // Create the bitmap context. We want pre-multiplied ARGB, 8-bits 
    // per component. Regardless of what the source image format is 
    // (CMYK, Grayscale, and so on) it will be converted over to the format
    // specified here by CGBitmapContextCreate.
    context = CGBitmapContextCreate (bitmapData,
                                     pixelsWide,
                                     pixelsHigh,
                                     8,      // bits per component
                                     bitmapBytesPerRow,
                                     colorSpace,
                                     kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst);
    if (context == NULL) {
        free (bitmapData);
        fprintf (stderr, "Context not created!");
    }
    
    // Make sure and release colorspace before returning
    CGColorSpaceRelease( colorSpace );
    
    return context;
}

二、颜色匹配计算
一是精确的匹配，通过生成两个CGColor，利用CGColorEqualToColor函数进行对比即可,如下：

//生成采样对照颜色（黑色）
 UIColor* sampleColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:(0/255.0f) green:(0/255.0f)
 blue:(0/255.0f) alpha:(255/255.0f)];
//比较
 if (CGColorEqualToColor(detectedColor.CGColor, sampleColor.CGColor)) {
   //处理
}

二是模糊的匹配，在RGB色彩空间下， 每个像素点的颜色有四个通道（R, G, B, Alpha），比较
两个颜色是否一致的方法，可以通过比较其向量的方式来进行，如下：

//获取颜色分量
const CGFloat* components = CGColorGetComponents(detectedColor.CGColor);
CGFloat Red, Green, Blue, Alpha;
Alpha = components[0];
Red = components[0+1];
....
//向量比较
float difference = pow( pow((red1 - red2), 2) + pow((green1 - green2), 2) +
pow((blue1 - blue2), 2), 0.5 );

至于阀值的设定，就需要大家根据实际情况来调整了，一般可设置为85，如果严格一点，则小一点；宽松一点，则可以设大一点。
参考文章：http://www.markj.net/iphone-uiimage-pixel-color/