[剑指offer]面试题第[41]题[Leetcode][第235题][JAVA][数据流中的中位数][优先队列][堆]

【问题描述】[困难]

【解答思路】

1. 思路1

时间复杂度：O(logN) 空间复杂度：O(N)

import java.util.PriorityQueue;

public class MedianFinder {

    /**
     * 当前大顶堆和小顶堆的元素个数之和
     */
    private int count;
    private PriorityQueue<Integer> maxheap;
    private PriorityQueue<Integer> minheap;

    /**
     * initialize your data structure here.
     */
    public MedianFinder() {
        count = 0;
        //maxHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(Collections.reverseOrder());
        maxheap = new PriorityQueue<>((x, y) -> y - x);
        minheap = new PriorityQueue<>();
    }

    public void addNum(int num) {
        count += 1;
        maxheap.offer(num);
        minheap.add(maxheap.poll());
        // 如果两个堆合起来的元素个数是奇数，小顶堆要拿出堆顶元素给大顶堆
        if ((count & 1) != 0) {
            maxheap.add(minheap.poll());
        }
        /*
			//如果不平衡则调整 不用count
        if (minHeap.size() > maxHeap.size()) {
            maxHeap.offer(minHeap.poll());
        }


		*/
    }

    public double findMedian() {
        if ((count & 1) == 0) {
            // 如果两个堆合起来的元素个数是偶数，数据流的中位数就是各自堆顶元素的平均值
            return (double) (maxheap.peek() + minheap.peek()) / 2;
        } else {
            // 如果两个堆合起来的元素个数是奇数，数据流的中位数大顶堆的堆顶元素
            return (double) maxheap.peek();
        }
//不用count
public double findMedian() {
        if (maxHeap.size() == minHeap.size()) {
            return (maxHeap.peek() + minHeap.peek()) * 0.5;
        }
        return maxHeap.peek();
    }




    }
}

2. 思路2

复杂度

class MedianFinder {
    Queue<Integer> A, B;
    public MedianFinder() {
        A = new PriorityQueue<>(); // 小顶堆，保存较大的一半
        B = new PriorityQueue<>((x, y) -> (y - x)); // 大顶堆，保存较小的一半
    }
    public void addNum(int num) {
        if(A.size() != B.size()) {
            A.add(num);
            B.add(A.poll());
        } else {
            B.add(num);
            A.add(B.poll());
        }
    }
    public double findMedian() {
        return A.size() != B.size() ? A.peek() : (A.peek() + B.peek()) / 2.0;
    }
}

【总结】

1.最大堆/最小堆初始化

最小堆
PriorityQueue minheap = new PriorityQueue<>();
最大堆
PriorityQueue maxheap = new PriorityQueue<>((x, y) -> y - x);
PriorityQueue maxHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(Collections.reverseOrder());

2.找规律 模拟过程 不可能是一蹴而就 而是多次失败后才能找到的规律和转移过程

转载链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/find-median-from-data-stream/solution/you-xian-dui-lie-python-dai-ma-java-dai-ma-by-liwe/

参考链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/shu-ju-liu-zhong-de-zhong-wei-shu-lcof/solution/you-xian-dui-lie-wu-fei-hua-jian-dan-yi-dong-by-je/

参考链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/shu-ju-liu-zhong-de-zhong-wei-shu-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-41-shu-ju-liu-zhong-de-zhong-wei-shu-y/