特别特别篇3（异常处理）

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-22 07:45:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-02-22 07:45:00 发布

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分类专栏： python 文章标签： exception python function class input iterator

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/daemonpei/article/details/5943783

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上一篇说了函数，这个函数当然有系统的也有自己的，如果函数执行发生意外怎么办？简单，丢个异常出去，让后让异常处理函数处理。当然这个异常，最好是少丢，争取把函数的功能设计简单，语义明确，上层调用函数能根据明确的返回值做各种处理。异常是用来处理没有料想到的错误才用的。

Python提供了2种特色来处理异常：

1 异常处理函数

2 断言

1 异常处理函数

捕获异常：

语法结构：

方式1：

try：

do your operations

except (exception1)：

execute exception1 process code

except (exception1,…, exception n)：

execute exception1 to n process code

else：

if there is no exception then execute （无任何异常就会执行这里）O(∩_∩)O~

实例代码：

方式2：

try：

do your operations

finally：

process

实例代码：

方式3

try:

You do your operations here;

......................

except ExceptionType, Argument:

You can print value of Argument here...

实例代码：

需要说明的重点是except

Except后面的 exception，可以有以下3个状态

1 没有捕捉所有的异常走这个处理块

2 有一个捕捉对应这一个的异常走这个处理块

3 有多个步骤对应的多个异常走这个处理块

4 还可以带参数这个参数可以传送给，这个处理块使用

附表 python 捕获异常表（官方手册摘录）

EXCEPTION NAME	DESCRIPTION
Exception	Base class for all exceptions
StopIteration	Raised when the next() method of an iterator does not point to any object.
SystemExit	Raised by the sys.exit() function.
StandardError	Base class for all built-in exceptions except StopIteration and SystemExit.
ArithmeticError	Base class for all errors that occur for numeric calculation.
OverflowError	Raised when a calculation exceeds maximum limit for a numeric type.
FloatingPointError	Raised when a floating point calculation fails.
ZeroDivisonError	Raised when division or modulo by zero takes place for all numeric types.
AssertionError	Raised in case of failure of the Assert statement.
AttributeError	Raised in case of failure of attribute reference or assignment.
EOFError	Raised when there is no input from either the raw_input() or input() function and the end of file is reached.
ImportError	Raised when an import statement fails.
KeyboardInterrupt	Raised when the user interrupts program execution, usually by pressing Ctrl+c.
LookupError	Base class for all lookup errors.
IndexError	Raised when an index is not found in a sequence.
KeyError	Raised when the specified key is not found in the dictionary.
NameError	Raised when an identifier is not found in the local or global namespace.
UnboundLocalError	Raised when trying to access a local variable in a function or method but no value has been assigned to it.
EnvironmentError	Base class for all exceptions that occur outside the Python environment.
IOError	Raised when an input/ output operation fails, such as the print statement or the open() function when trying to open a file that does not exist.
OSError	Raised for operating systemrelated errors.
SyntaxError	Raised when there is an error in Python syntax.
IndentationError	Raised when indentation is not specified properly.
SystemError	Raised when the interpreter finds an internal problem, but when this error is encountered the Python interpreter does not exit.
SystemExit	Raised when Python interpreter is quit by using the sys.exit() function. If not handled in the code, causes the interpreter to exit.
TypeError	Raised when an operation or function is attempted that is invalid for the specified data type.
ValueError	Raised when the built-in function for a data type has the valid type of arguments, but the arguments have invalid values specified.
RuntimeError	Raised when a generated error does not fall into any category.
NotImplementedError	Raised when an abstract method that needs to be implemented in an inherited class is not actually implemented.