设计模式--------迭代器模式

设计模式--------迭代器模式

介绍迭代器模式的四大问题

• 现在的写法有什么问题吗？
• 为什么要用迭代器模式？
• 什么是迭代器模式？
• 迭代器模式有什么好处？

使用一个例子进行问题的说明

• 有二个工厂仓库，它们分别存着一些产品，但是这二个工厂仓库存物品的仓库不一样，导致工作人员要清点检查每个产品的时候需要分开检查，有什么办法解决呢？

Good 货物

public class Good {
    
    private String name;
    private String description;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }
}

FactoryA

public class FactoryA {
    
    Good[] goods;

    public FactoryA() {
        goods = new Good[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Good good = new Good();
            good.setName(String.valueOf(i));
            good.setDescription("description: " + String.valueOf(i) + "A");
            goods[i] = good;
        }
    }

    public Good[] getGoods() {
        return goods;
    }

}

FactoryB

public class FactoryB {
    
    List<Good> goods;

    public FactoryB() {
        goods = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Good good = new Good();
            good.setName(String.valueOf(i));
            good.setDescription("description: " + String.valueOf(i) + "B");
            goods.add(good);
        }
    }

    public List<Good> getGoods() {
        return goods;
    }

}

Checker

public class Checker {
    
    FactoryA a;
    FactoryB b;

    public Checker(FactoryA a, FactoryB b) {
        this.a = a;
        this.b = b;
    }

    public void checkGoods() {
        Good[] goods = a.getGoods();
        List<Good> goods2 = b.getGoods();

        for (int i = 0; i < goods.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(goods[i]);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < goods2.size(); i++) {
            System.out.println(goods2.get(i));
        }
    }

}

Main

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        FactoryA a = new FactoryA();
        FactoryB b = new FactoryB();

        Checker checker = new Checker(a, b);
        checker.checkGoods();
    }
}

有什么问题？

• 检查人员需要分别使用不同的方式取出产品

什么是迭代器模式

• 提供一种方法顺序访问一个聚合对象中的各个元素，而又不暴露其内部的表示

自定义迭代器接口，改造代码

• 创建迭代器接口
• 分别创建仓库a和仓库b以实现接口
• 工厂返回仓库数据改为返回新的迭代器接口
• 检察人员根据返回的迭代器进行数据的校验

Iterator

public interface Iterator {

    public Object next();
    
    public boolean hasNext();

}

GoodAIterator

public class GoodsAIterator implements Iterator {

    Good[] goods;
    int position = 0;

    public GoodsAIterator(Good[] goods) {
        this.goods = goods;
    }

    @Override
    public Object next() {
        Good good = goods[position];
        position = position + 1;
        return good;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasNext() {

        if (position >= goods.length || goods[position] == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    
}

GoodBIterator

public class GoodBIterator implements Iterator {

    List<Good> goods;
    int position = 0;

    public GoodBIterator(List<Good> goods) {
        this.goods = goods;
    }

    @Override
    public Object next() {
        Good good = goods.get(position);
        position = position + 1;
        return good;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasNext() {
        
        if (position >= goods.size() || goods.get(position) == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    
}

FactoryA

public class FactoryA {
    
    Good[] goods;

    public FactoryA() {
        goods = new Good[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Good good = new Good();
            good.setName(String.valueOf(i));
            good.setDescription("description: " + String.valueOf(i) + "A");
            goods[i] = good;
        }
    }

    public Iterator getGoods() {
        return new GoodsAIterator(goods);
    }

}

FactoryB

public class FactoryB {
    
    List<Good> goods;

    public FactoryB() {
        goods = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Good good = new Good();
            good.setName(String.valueOf(i));
            good.setDescription("description: " + String.valueOf(i) + "B");
            goods.add(good);
        }

    }

    public Iterator getGoods() {
        return new GoodBIterator(goods);
    }

}

Checker

public class Checker {
    
    FactoryA a;
    FactoryB b;

    public Checker(FactoryA a, FactoryB b) {
        this.a = a;
        this.b = b;
    }

    public void checkGoods() {
        Iterator iterator = a.getGoods();
        Iterator iterator2 = b.getGoods();

        while(iterator.hasNext()) {
            System.out.println(iterator.next());
        } 
        while(iterator2.hasNext()) {
            System.out.println(iterator2.next());
        } 
        
    }

}

迭代器模式有什么好处？

• 可以不用管底层是如何实现的，只需要使用迭代器进行遍历

java自带的迭代器

• java中自带一个迭代器接口，有三个方法
  • next
  • hasnext
  • remove
• ArrayList等集合都实现了迭代器接口，只需要调用方法即可获取到迭代器，无需自己实现接口

设计原则

• 单一责任：一个类应该只有一个引起变化的原因

END

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