二叉树整理

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-31 19:10:01 发布

Y幽谷客

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-31 19:10:01 发布

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分类专栏：数据结构文章标签：数据结构

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/daima66699/article/details/79573965

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/*
* 分别用递归和非递归方式实现二叉树先序、中序和后序遍历【题目】用递归和非递归方式，分别按照二叉树先序、中序和后序打印所有的节点。
* 我们约定：先序遍历顺序为根、左、右；中序遍历顺序为左、根、右；后序遍历顺序为左、右、根。
*/
二叉树样例：
这里写图片描述
递归的过程：
1 2 4 4 4 2 5 5 5 2 1 3 6 6 6 3 7 7 7 3 1
由上可知每个节点访问3次

二叉树的3个遍历：
先序： 1 2 4 5 3 6 7
中序： 4 2 5 1 6 3 7
后序： 4 5 2 6 7 3 1

创建二叉树的相应节点：

public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node left;
        public Node right;

        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

递归代码如下：

先序遍历：

public static void preOrderRecur(Node head){
        if(head == null){
            return;
        }
        System.out .print(head.value + "");
        preOrderRecur(head.left);
        preOrderRecur(head.right);
    }

中序遍历：

public static void inOrderRecur(Node head) {
        if(head == null){
            return;
        }
        inOrderRecur(head.left);
        System.out .print(head.value + "");
        inOrderRecur(head.right);
    }

后序遍历：

public static void posOrderRecur(Node head) {
        if(head == null){
            return;
        }
        posOrderRecur(head.left);
        posOrderRecur(head.right);
        System.out .print(head.value + "");
    }

以下为非递归的详细讲解：
先序（根左右）：有右节点先压右然后在压左节点
一下是思路模拟：

这里写图片描述

public static void preOrderUnRecur(Node head){
        System.out.print("pre-order: ");
        if(head != null){
            Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
            stack.add(head);
            while(!stack.isEmpty()){
                head = stack.pop();
                System.out.print(head.value + " ");
                if(head.right != null){
                    stack.push(head.right);
                }
                if(head.left != null){
                    stack.push(head.left);
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

中序遍历（左根右）：当前节点为空从栈拿一个打印当前节点往右跑，若当前节点不为空入栈当前节点往左
模拟如下：

这里写图片描述

public static void inOrderUnRecur(Node head){
        System.out.print("in-order: ");
        if(head != null){
            Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
            while(!stack.isEmpty() || head != null){
                if(head != null){
                    stack.push(head);
                    head = head.left;
                }else {
                    head = stack.pop();
                    System.out.print(head.value + " ");
                    head = head.right;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

后序遍历：
先序遍历是中左右先压右孩子在压左孩子，那么我们想实现中左右的遍历我们仅需先压左后压右，后序遍历是左右中那么我们仅需要在利用一个栈把中右左存进去。

public static void posOrderUnRecur1(Node head) {
        System.out.print("pos-order: ");
        if(head != null){
            Stack<Node> s1 = new Stack<Node>();
            Stack<Node> s2 = new Stack<Node>();
            s1.push(head);
            while(!s1.isEmpty()){
                head = s1.pop();
                s2.push(head);
                if(head.left != null){
                    s1.push(head.left);
                }
                if(head.right != null){
                    s1.push(head.right);
                }
            }
            while (!s2.isEmpty()) {
                System.out.print(s2.pop().value + " ");

            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

总体代码：

package basic_class_01;

import java.util.Stack;

/*
 * 分别用递归和非递归方式实现二叉树先序、中序和后序遍历 【题目】 用递归和非递归方式，分别按照二叉树先序、中序和后序打印所有的节点。
 * 我们约定：先序遍历顺序为根、左、右；中序遍历顺序为左、根、右；后序遍历顺序为左、右、根。
 */
public class PreInPosTraversal {
    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node left;
        public Node right;

        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }
    public static void preOrderRecur(Node head){
        if(head == null){
            return;
        }
        System.out .print(head.value + "");
        preOrderRecur(head.left);
        preOrderRecur(head.right);
    }
    public static void inOrderRecur(Node head) {
        if(head == null){
            return;
        }
        inOrderRecur(head.left);
        System.out .print(head.value + "");
        inOrderRecur(head.right);
    }
    public static void posOrderRecur(Node head) {
        if(head == null){
            return;
        }
        posOrderRecur(head.left);
        posOrderRecur(head.right);
        System.out .print(head.value + "");
    }

    public static void preOrderUnRecur(Node head){
        System.out.print("pre-order: ");
        if(head != null){
            Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
            stack.add(head);
            while(!stack.isEmpty()){
                head = stack.pop();
                System.out.print(head.value + " ");
                if(head.right != null){
                    stack.push(head.right);
                }
                if(head.left != null){
                    stack.push(head.left);
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void inOrderUnRecur(Node head){
        System.out.print("in-order: ");
        if(head != null){
            Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
            while(!stack.isEmpty() || head != null){
                if(head != null){
                    stack.push(head);
                    head = head.left;
                }else {
                    head = stack.pop();
                    System.out.print(head.value + " ");
                    head = head.right;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
    public static void posOrderUnRecur1(Node head) {
        System.out.print("pos-order: ");
        if(head != null){
            Stack<Node> s1 = new Stack<Node>();
            Stack<Node> s2 = new Stack<Node>();
            s1.push(head);
            while(!s1.isEmpty()){
                head = s1.pop();
                s2.push(head);
                if(head.left != null){
                    s1.push(head.left);
                }
                if(head.right != null){
                    s1.push(head.right);
                }
            }
            while (!s2.isEmpty()) {
                System.out.print(s2.pop().value + " ");

            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void posOrderUnRecur2(Node h) {
        System.out.print("pos-order: ");
        if (h != null) {
            Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
            stack.push(h);
            Node c = null;
            while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
                c = stack.peek();
                if (c.left != null && h != c.left && h != c.right) {
                    stack.push(c.left);
                } else if (c.right != null && h != c.right) {
                    stack.push(c.right);
                } else {
                    System.out.print(stack.pop().value + " ");
                    h = c;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }





    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node head = new Node(5);
        head.left = new Node(3);
        head.right = new Node(8);
        head.left.left = new Node(2);
        head.left.right = new Node(4);
        head.left.left.left = new Node(1);
        head.right.left = new Node(7);
        head.right.left.left = new Node(6);
        head.right.right = new Node(10);
        head.right.right.left = new Node(9);
        head.right.right.right = new Node(11);


        // recursive
        System.out.println("==============recursive==============");
        System.out.print("pre-order: ");
        preOrderRecur(head);
        System.out.println();
        System.out.print("in-order: ");
        inOrderRecur(head);
        System.out.println();
        System.out.print("pos-order: ");
        posOrderRecur(head);
        System.out.println();

        // unrecursive
        System.out.println("============unrecursive=============");
        preOrderUnRecur(head);
        inOrderUnRecur(head);
        posOrderUnRecur1(head);
        posOrderUnRecur2(head);
    }

}
实验效果：