HTML统一资源定位符URL (Uniform Resource Locators)

URL

Web浏览器通过使用URL从Web服务器请求页面。当我们点击页面上的一个链接时，该连接是一个指向web地址的a标签。

一个web地址如http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp的语法规则如下：

scheme://host.domain:port/path/filename 

备注：

• scheme - 定义互相网络服务的类型 (most common is http)
• host - 定义域名主机 (default host for http is www)
• domain - 定义域名(w3schools.com)
• port - 定义虚拟主机上的端口号(default for http is 80)
• path - 定义服务器上的地址(If omitted: the root directory of the site)
• filename - 定义资源或者是文件的名字

常用的URL schema

Scheme	Short for	Used for
http	HyperText Transfer Protocol	Common web pages. Not encrypted
https	Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol	Secure web pages. Encrypted 加密
ftp	File Transfer Protocol	Downloading or uploading files
file		A file on your computer

URL Encoding

URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set. If a URL contains characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted.

URL encoding converts non-ASCII characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet.

URL encoding replaces non-ASCII characters with a "%" followed by hexadecimal digits.

URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a plus (+) sign, or %20.

HTML URL Encoding Reference

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_urlencode.asp