using namespace&using

using namespace xxx 

all the sub-namespace defined under xxx can be reached

using xxx

in fact, it's just a declaration.

only xxx itself can be reached, the sub-namespace should be used like xxx.sub-space 

such as

 using std::cout

The using directive allows the names in a namespace to be used without the namespace-name as an explicit qualifier. 

Of course, the complete, qualified name can still be used to improve readability.

using namespace [::] [ nested-name-specifier ] namespace-name

Remarks

Note the difference between the using directive and the using declaration : the using declaration allows an individual name to be used without qualification, the using directive allows all the names in a namespace to be used without qualification. This keyword is also used for type aliases.

If a local variable has the same name as a namespace variable, the namespace variable is hidden. It is an error to have a namespace variable with the same name as a global variable.

Note
Put your using directive at the beginning of the source code file to reduce the potential for unexpected behavior with IntelliSense.

The std namespace

The ANSI/ISO C++ standard requires you to explicitly declare the namespace in the standard library. 

For example, when using iostream, you must specify the namespace of cout in one of the following ways:

• std::cout (explicitly)

• using std::cout (using declaration)

• using namespace std (using directive)