stock初始步骤

大凡在WIN32平台上的WINSOCK编程都要经过下列步骤:
      定义变量->获得WINDOCK版本->加载WINSOCK库->初始化->创建套接字->设置套接字选项->关闭套接字->卸载WINSOCK库->释放资源
     下面介绍WINSOCK C/S的建立过程:
     服务器                         客户端
________________________________________________
  初始化WSA                      1   初始化WSA
____________________________________________________
  建立一个SOCKET                 2   建立一个SOCKET
_____________________________________________________
  绑定SOCKET                     3   连接到服务器
_____________________________________________________
  在指定的端口监听               4   发送和接受数据
_____________________________________________________
  接受一个连接                   5    断开连接
______________________________________________________-
  发送和接受数据
___________________________________________________
  断开连接
__________________________________________________
  
    大家注意,在VC中进行WINSOCK编程时,需要引入如下两个库文件:WINSOCK.H(这个是WINSOCK API的头文件,WIN2K以上支持WINSOCK2,所以可以用WINSOCK2.H);Ws2_32.lib(WINSOCK API连接库文件).
使用方式如下:
                               #include <winsock.h>
                         #pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
  
   下面我们通过具体的代码演示服务器和客户端的工作流程:
首先,建立一个WSADATA结构,通常用wsaData
WSADATA wsaData;
然后,调用WSAStartup函数,这个函数是连接应用程序与winsock.dll的第一个调用.
其中,第一个参数

WINSOCK 版本号,第二个参数是指向WSADATA的指针.该函数返回一个INT型值,通过检查这个值来确定初始化是否成功.调用格式如下:WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData),

其中MAKEWORD(2,2)表示使用WINSOCK2版本.wsaData用来存储系统传回的关于WINSOCK的资料.

if(iResuit=WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData)!=0)
{
     printf("WSAStartup failed:%d",GetLastError());   //返回值不等与0,说明初始化失败
     if ( bind( server, (SOCKADDR*) &service, sizeof(service) ) == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
         printf( "bind() failed.\n" );
         closesocket(server);
         return;
     }
    
                                                                               // 监听 socket
     if ( listen( server, 1 ) == SOCKET_ERROR )
         printf( "Error listening on socket.\n");
                                                                                 // 接受连接
     SOCKET AcceptSocket;
     printf( "Waiting for a client to connect...\n" );
     while (1) {
         AcceptSocket = SOCKET_ERROR;
         while ( AcceptSocket == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
             AcceptSocket = accept( server, NULL, NULL );
         }
         printf( "Client Connected.\n");
         server = AcceptSocket;
         break;
     }
    
                                                                                      // 发送接受数据
     int bytesSent;
     int bytesRecv = SOCKET_ERROR;
     char sendbuf[32] = "Server: Sending Data.";
     char recvbuf[32] = "";
    
     bytesRecv = recv( server, recvbuf, 32, 0 );
     printf( "Bytes Recv: %ld\n", bytesRecv );
    
     bytesSent = send( server, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf), 0 );
     printf( "Bytes Sent: %ld\n", bytesSent );
     return;

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好的,以下是使用akshare模块实现股票强化学习的代码,分为以下几个步骤: 1. 导入必要的模块和库 ```python import akshare as ak import numpy as np import pandas as pd import random import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense from keras.optimizers import Adam ``` 2. 获取股票数据 ```python stock_df = ak.stock_zh_a_daily(symbol='sh600000') ``` 3. 定义强化学习环境和智能体 ```python class TradingEnvironment: def __init__(self, stock_df): self.stock_df = stock_df self.current_step = 0 self.total_steps = len(stock_df) - 1 self.reward_range = (0, 1) def reset(self): self.current_step = 0 return self.stock_df.iloc[self.current_step] def step(self, action): self.current_step += 1 done = self.current_step == self.total_steps obs = self.stock_df.iloc[self.current_step] reward = self._get_reward(action) return obs, reward, done def _get_reward(self, action): if action == 0: # 不持有股票 return 0 elif action == 1: # 持有股票 return self.stock_df.iloc[self.current_step]['收盘'] / self.stock_df.iloc[self.current_step - 1]['收盘'] - 1 else: raise ValueError("Invalid action, only 0 and 1 are allowed.") class QLearningAgent: def __init__(self, state_size, action_size, learning_rate, discount_rate, exploration_rate): self.state_size = state_size self.action_size = action_size self.learning_rate = learning_rate self.discount_rate = discount_rate self.exploration_rate = exploration_rate self.q_table = np.zeros((state_size, action_size)) def act(self, state): if np.random.rand() < self.exploration_rate: return random.randrange(self.action_size) q_values = self.q_table[state] return np.argmax(q_values) def learn(self, state, action, reward, next_state, done): old_value = self.q_table[state, action] if done: td_target = reward else: next_max = np.max(self.q_table[next_state]) td_target = reward + self.discount_rate * next_max new_value = (1 - self.learning_rate) * old_value + self.learning_rate * td_target self.q_table[state, action] = new_value def set_exploration_rate(self, exploration_rate): self.exploration_rate = exploration_rate ``` 4. 定义训练函数 ```python def train(agent, env, episodes): exploration_decay = 0.995 exploration_min = 0.01 exploration_rate = 1.0 for episode in range(episodes): state = env.reset() state = state['收盘'] state = int(state) done = False total_reward = 0 while not done: action = agent.act(state) next_state, reward, done = env.step(action) next_state = next_state['收盘'] next_state = int(next_state) agent.learn(state, action, reward, next_state, done) state = next_state total_reward += reward exploration_rate = max(exploration_min, exploration_rate * exploration_decay) agent.set_exploration_rate(exploration_rate) print(f"Episode {episode + 1}/{episodes}, exploration rate: {exploration_rate:.2f}, total reward: {total_reward:.2f}") ``` 5. 定义测试函数 ```python def test(agent, env): state = env.reset() state = state['收盘'] state = int(state) done = False total_reward = 0 while not done: action = agent.act(state) next_state, reward, done = env.step(action) next_state = next_state['收盘'] next_state = int(next_state) state = next_state total_reward += reward return total_reward ``` 6. 初始化环境和智能体,并进行训练和测试 ```python env = TradingEnvironment(stock_df) state_size = 1000 action_size = 2 learning_rate = 0.1 discount_rate = 0.99 exploration_rate = 1.0 episodes = 100 agent = QLearningAgent(state_size, action_size, learning_rate, discount_rate, exploration_rate) train(agent, env, episodes) total_reward = test(agent, env) print(f"Total reward: {total_reward:.2f}") ``` 注意:这只是一个简单的示例,实际应用中可能需要对模型和参数进行更加详细的调整和优化。
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