spring-security学习

介绍：
Spring Security，这是一种基于Spring AOP和Servlet过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案，同时在Web请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。在Spring Framework基础上，Spring Security充分利用了依赖注入（DI，Dependency Injection）和面向切面技术。

1. web.xml配置：
   添加spring-security到项目中。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

    <!-- SpringSecurity必须的filter -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
        /WEB-INF/spring-security.xml
        /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

</web-app>

1. spring-security.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/security 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.0.xsd">

    <!--  Spring-Security 的配置 -->
    <!-- 注意开启use-expressions.表示开启表达式.
    see:http://www.family168.com/tutorial/springsecurity3/html/el-access.html
     -->
    <!--  auto-config设置true，使用默认设置，默认生成登录页面和错误页面等，也可以自定义 --> 
    <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true" access-denied-page="/auth/denied" >

        <security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>

        <security:form-login
                login-page="/auth/login" 
                authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true" 
                default-target-url="/main/common"/>

        <security:logout 
                invalidate-session="true" 
                logout-success-url="/auth/login" 
                logout-url="/auth/logout"/>

    </security:http>

    <!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService -->
    <security:authentication-manager>
            <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">
                    <security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
            </security:authentication-provider>
    </security:authentication-manager>

    <!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/>

    <!-- 
        通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别.
        也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联.
     -->
    <bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>

</beans>

1. 用户验证：只有符合条件的用户才能访问响应的路径（或者方法）
   内存：用户信息存在内存中，
   数据库：用户信息存在数据库中，
   CAS：通过CAS验证（百度）
   LDAP:轻量级目录访问协议
   介绍：