Groovy好处：使用数据流变量在并发环境中共享数据

在并发环境中使用数据可能很复杂。 Groovy包含GPar，是的，我们不必下载任何依赖项，即可提供一些模型来轻松在并发环境中处理数据。 在此博客文章中，我们将看一个使用数据流变量在并发任务之间交换数据的示例。 在数据流算法中，我们定义具有输入和输出的某些功能或任务。 输入可用于任务时，将启动任务。 因此，我们没有定义需要执行的命令性任务序列，而是定义了一系列在有可用输入时将开始执行的任务。 令人高兴的是，这些任务中的每一个都是独立的，并且可以根据需要并行运行。

任务之间共享的数据存储在数据流变量中。 数据流变量的值只能设置一次，但可以多次读取。 当任务要读取该值但尚不可用时，该任务将以非阻塞方式等待该值。

在以下示例Groovy脚本中，我们使用Dataflows类。 此类提供了一种简单的方法来设置多个数据流变量并获取它们的值。 在脚本中，我们想要获取摄氏和华氏温度的城市的温度，并且我们正在使用远程Web服务来处理数据：

import groovyx.gpars.dataflow.Dataflows
import static groovyx.gpars.dataflow.Dataflow.task

// Create new Dataflows instance to hold
// dataflow variables.
final Dataflows data = new Dataflows()

// Convert temperature from Celcius to Fahrenheit.
task {
    println "Task 'convertTemperature' is waiting for dataflow variable 'cityWeather'"

    // Get dataflow variable cityWeather value from
    // Dataflows data object. The value
    // is set by findCityWeather task.
    // If the value is not set yet, wait.
    final cityWeather = data.cityWeather
    final cityTemperature = cityWeather.temperature

    println "Task 'convertTemperature' got dataflow variable 'cityWeather'"

    // Convert value with webservice at
    // www.webservicex.net.
    final params = 
        [Temperature: cityTemperature, 
         FromUnit: 'degreeCelsius', 
         ToUnit: 'degreeFahrenheit']
    final url = "http://www.webservicex.net/ConvertTemperature.asmx/ConvertTemp"
    final result = downloadData(url, params)

    // Assign converted value to dataflow variable
    // temperature in Dataflows data object.
    data.temperature = result.text()
}

// Find temperature for city.
task {
    println "Task 'findCityWeather' is waiting for dataflow variable 'searchCity'"

    // Get value for city attribute in
    // Dataflows data object. This is 
    // set in another task (startSearch) 
    // at another time.
    // If the value is not set yet, wait.
    final city = data.searchCity

    println "Task 'findCityWeather' got dataflow variable 'searchCity'"

    // Get temperature for city with 
    // webservice at api.openweathermap.org.
    final params = 
        [q: city, 
         units: 'metric', 
         mode: 'xml']
    final url = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/find"
    final result = downloadData(url, params)
    final temperature = result.list.item.temperature.@value

    // Assign map value to cityWeather dataflow 
    // variable in Dataflows data object. 
    data.cityWeather = [city: city, temperature: temperature]
}

// Get city part from search string.
task {
    println "Task 'parseCity' is waiting for dataflow variable 'searchCity'"

    // Get value for city attribute in
    // Dataflows data object. This is 
    // set in another task (startSearch) 
    // at another time.
    // If the value is not set yet, wait.
    final city = data.searchCity
    
    println "Task 'parseCity' got dataflow variable 'searchCity'"

    final cityName = city.split(',').first()

    // Assign to dataflow variable in Dataflows object.
    data.cityName = cityName
}

final startSearch = task {
    // Use command line argument to set
    // city dataflow variable in 
    // Dataflows data object.
    // Any code that reads this value
    // was waiting, but will start now,
    // because of this assigment.
    data.searchCity = args[0]  
}

// When a variable is bound we log it. 
final printValueBound = { dataflowVar, value ->
    println "Variable '$dataflowVar' bound to '$value'" 
}
data.searchCity printValueBound.curry('searchCity')
data.cityName printValueBound.curry('cityName')
data.cityWeather printValueBound.curry('cityWeather')
data.temperature printValueBound.curry('temperature')


// Here we read the dataflow variables cityWeather and temperature
// from Dataflows data object. Notice once the value is
// is set it is not calculated again. For example cityWeather 
// will not do a remote call again, because the value is already known
// by now.
println "Main thread is waiting for dataflow variables 'cityWeather', 'temperature' and 'cityName'"
final cityInfo = 
    data.cityWeather + [tempFahrenheit: data.temperature] + [cityName: data.cityName]


println """\

Temperature in city $cityInfo.cityName (searched with $cityInfo.city):
$cityInfo.temperature Celcius
$cityInfo.tempFahrenheit Fahrenheit
"""


// Helper method to get XML response from URL
// and parse it using XmlSlurper. Returns GPathResult.
def downloadData(requestUrl, requestParams) {
    final params = requestParams.collect { it }.join('&')
    final url = "${requestUrl}?${params}"

    final response = new XmlSlurper().parseText(url.toURL().text)
    response
}

现在，当我们运行脚本时，将得到以下输出：

$ groovy citytemp.groovy Tilburg,NL
Task 'convertTemperature' is waiting for dataflow variable 'cityWeather'
Task 'parseCity' is waiting for dataflow variable 'searchCity'
Task 'findCityWeather' is waiting for dataflow variable 'searchCity'
Task 'findCityWeather' got dataflow variable 'searchCity'
Task 'parseCity' got dataflow variable 'searchCity'
Main thread is waiting for dataflow variables 'cityWeather', 'temperature' and 'cityName'
Variable 'searchCity' bound to 'Tilburg,NL'
Variable 'cityName' bound to 'Tilburg'
Task 'convertTemperature' got dataflow variable 'cityWeather'
Variable 'cityWeather' bound to '[city:Tilburg,NL, temperature:11.76]'
Variable 'temperature' bound to '53.167999999999985'

Temperature in city Tilburg (searched with Tilburg,NL):
11.76 Celcius
53.167999999999985 Fahrenheit

注意任务如何等待值，并在接收到输入后继续执行。 任务定义的顺序并不重要，因为它们将等待输入以开始实际工作。

• 用Groovy 2.4.3编写。

翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2015/05/groovy-goodness-share-data-in-concurrent-environment-with-dataflow-variables.html