Sed：使用环境变量

我一直在玩我几个月前写的BBC足球数据集 ，我想编写一些代码来使用导入脚本，并将远程URI的所有实例替换为文件系统路径。

例如，导入文件包含类似于以下内容的几行：

LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS 
FROM "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mneedham/neo4j-bbc/master/data/matches.csv" 
AS row

我想读为：

LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS 
FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/matches.csv" 
AS row

该路径的开始也恰好是我的工作目录：

$ echo $PWD
/Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc

因此，我想编写一个脚本来查找'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mneedham/neo4j-bbc/master'的出现并将其替换为$ PWD。 我是Sed的粉丝，所以我想尝试并使用它来解决我的问题。

为了使生活更轻松，我们可以做的第一件事就是更改默认的定界符。 Sed通常使用'/'分隔命令的各个部分，但是由于我们使用的URI太可怕了，因此我们改用下划线。

对于第一次剪切，我尝试仅删除URI的第一部分，而不是特别替换它：

$ sed 's_https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mneedham/neo4j-bbc/master__' import.cql
 
$ sed 's_https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mneedham/neo4j-bbc/master__' import.cql | grep LOAD
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/matches.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/players.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/players.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/fouls.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/attempts.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/attempts.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/corners.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/corners.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/cards.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/cards.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "/data/subs.csv" AS row

凉！ 如预期的那样。 现在，让我们尝试用$ PWD替换它：

$ sed 's_https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mneedham/neo4j-bbc/master_file://$PWD_' import.cql | grep LOAD
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/matches.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/players.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/players.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/fouls.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/attempts.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/attempts.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/corners.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/corners.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/cards.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/cards.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file://$PWD/data/subs.csv" AS row

嗯，没有按预期工作。 $ PWD被视为文字，而不是像我们希望的那样被评估。

事实证明，这是关于Stack Overflow的一个流行问题，并且有很多建议–我尝试了其中的一些建议，发现单引号可以解决问题：

$ sed 's_https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mneedham/neo4j-bbc/master_file://'$PWD'_' import.cql | grep LOAD
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/matches.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/players.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/players.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/fouls.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/attempts.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/attempts.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/corners.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/corners.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/cards.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/cards.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/subs.csv" AS row

如果愿意，我们还可以在所有地方都使用双引号：

$ sed "s_https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mneedham/neo4j-bbc/master_file://"$PWD"_" import.cql | grep LOAD
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/matches.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/players.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/players.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/fouls.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/attempts.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/attempts.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/corners.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/corners.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/cards.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/cards.csv" AS row
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM "file:///Users/markneedham/repos/neo4j-bbc/data/subs.csv" AS row

翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2015/08/sed-using-environment-variables.html