Unix：将stderr重定向到stdout

在过去的几天里，我一直在尝试优化一些Neo4j导入查询，作为执行脚本的一部分，我想将几​​个命令的输出重定向到一个文件中，以便稍后进行解析。

我从以下脚本开始，该脚本不对输出进行任何显式重定向：

#!/bin/sh
 
./neo4j-community-2.2.3/bin/neo4j start

现在让我们运行该脚本并将输出重定向到文件：

$ ./foo.sh > /tmp/output.txt
Unable to find any JVMs matching version "1.7".
 
$ cat /tmp/output.txt
Starting Neo4j Server...WARNING: not changing user
process [48230]... waiting for server to be ready.... OK.
http://localhost:7474/ is ready.

因此，有关找不到匹配的JVM的行将打印到stderr。 这很容易解决：

#!/bin/sh
 
./neo4j-community-2.2.3/bin/neo4j start 2>&1

让我们再次运行脚本：

$ ./foo.sh > /tmp/output.txt
 
$ cat /tmp/output.txt
Unable to find any JVMs matching version "1.7".
Starting Neo4j Server...WARNING: not changing user
process [47989]... waiting for server to be ready.... OK.
http://localhost:7474/ is ready.

太好了，按预期运作。 接下来，我扩展了脚本以停止Neo4j，删除所有数据，再次启动它并执行密码脚本：

#!/bin/sh
 
./neo4j-community-2.2.3/bin/neo4j start 2>&1
rm -rf neo4j-community-2.2.3/data/graph.db/
./neo4j-community-2.2.3/bin/neo4j start 2>&1
time ./neo4j-community-2.2.3/bin/neo4j-shell --file foo.cql 2>&1

让我们运行该脚本并重定向输出：

$ ./foo.sh > /tmp/output.txt
Unable to find any JVMs matching version "1.7".
 
real	0m0.604s
user	0m0.334s
sys	0m0.054s
 
$ cat /tmp/output.txt
Unable to find any JVMs matching version "1.7".
Another server-process is running with [50614], cannot start a new one. Exiting.
Unable to find any JVMs matching version "1.7".
Another server-process is running with [50614], cannot start a new one. Exiting.
+---------+
| "hello" |
+---------+
| "hello" |
+---------+
1 row
4 ms

似乎最后一行的stderr-> stdout重定向不起作用。 我的理解是，“时间”命令吞没了后面的所有参数，而我们希望此后再执行重定向。

我们可以通过将实际命令放入代码块并重定向其输出来解决此问题：

#!/bin/sh
 
./neo4j-community-2.2.3/bin/neo4j start 2>&1
rm -rf neo4j-community-2.2.3/data/graph.db/
./neo4j-community-2.2.3/bin/neo4j start 2>&1
{ time ./neo4j-community-2.2.3/bin/neo4j-shell --file foo.cql; } 2>&1

$ ./foo.sh  > /tmp/output.txt
 
$ cat /tmp/output.txt
Unable to find any JVMs matching version "1.7".
Another server-process is running with [50614], cannot start a new one. Exiting.
Unable to find any JVMs matching version "1.7".
Another server-process is running with [50614], cannot start a new one. Exiting.
Unable to find any JVMs matching version "1.7".
+---------+
| "hello" |
+---------+
| "hello" |
+---------+
1 row
4 ms
 
real	0m0.615s
user	0m0.316s
sys	0m0.050s

好多了！

翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2015/08/unix-redirecting-stderr-to-stdout.html