java实现HTTP请求/文件上传下载

目录

OkHttpClient

get

post+form

post+json

HttpClient

get

post+form

post+json

RestTemplate

get

post+form

post+json

URL下载文件

服务端

客户端

上传文件

客户端

服务端

---

OkHttpClient

pom依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
    <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.0</version>
</dependency>

get

• 客户端

Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://localhost:8080/testGet?name=1&age=2")
                .build();
        try {
            String responseStr = null;
            Response response = new OkHttpClient().newCall(request).execute();
            if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
                System.out.println("请求失败");
                return;
            }
            responseStr = response.body().string();
            System.out.println("请求结果responseStr:" + responseStr);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }

•  服务器端

@RequestMapping("/testGet")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testGet(@RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("age") String age) {
        System.out.println("name: "+name  + "  age:" + age);
        return "success";
    }

注：如果客户端无法连接服务器端会报出：java.net.ConnectException: Failed to connect to localhost/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 异常 被Exception 捕获。

post+form

•  客户端

String path = "http://localhost:8080/testPostForm1";

        // 1 创建okhttpclient对象
        OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();

        RequestBody body = new FormBody.Builder().add("name", "11").add("age", "222").build();
        // 2 创建请求方式
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url(path).post(body).build();

        // 3 执行请求操作
        try {
            Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
            if(response.isSuccessful()){
                String string = response.body().string();
                System.out.println(string);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

• 服务端

@RequestMapping("/testPostForm1")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testPostForm1(@RequestParam("name") String name, @RequestParam("age") String age) {
        System.out.println("testPostForm1 name: "+name  + "  age:" + age);
        return "success";
    }

或

@RequestMapping("/testPostForm2")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testPostForm2(Model model) {
        System.out.println("testPostForm2 name: "+model.getName()  + "  age:" + model.getAge());
        return "success";
    }

post+json

•  客户端

ParamModel paramModel = new ParamModel();
        paramModel.setName("111");
        paramModel.setAge(222);

        OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://localhost:8080/testPostJson")
                .header("Content-Type","application/json")// 不加header也好使
                .post(RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json;charset=utf-8")
                        , JSON.toJSONString(paramModel)))
                .build();
        try {
            String responseStr = null;
            Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
            if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
                System.out.println("请求失败");
            }
            responseStr = response.body().string();
            System.out.println("====>"+responseStr);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("请求异常"+e);
        }

• 服务端

@RequestMapping("/testPostJson")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testPostJson(@RequestBody  Model model) {
        System.out.println("testPostJson name: "+model.getName()  + "  age:" + model.getAge());
        return "success";
    }

HttpClient

pom依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
      <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
      <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>

get

服务端代码同OkHttpClient get服务端代码。

String result = "";
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/testGet?name=1&age=2");
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
      result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
      System.out.println("请求成功出参==>" + result);
}
输出:请求成功出参==>success

post+form

服务端代码同OkHttpClient post服务端代码。

String result = "";
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/testPostForm1");
Map<String, String> params = Maps.newHashMap();
params.put("name", "张三");
params.put("age", "20");

if (null != params && !params.isEmpty()) {
     List<NameValuePair> pairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
     NameValuePair pair = null;
     for (String key : params.keySet()) {
           pair = new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key));
           pairs.add(pair);
     }
     // 模拟表单
     UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs,Charset.forName("UTF-8"));

     httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}

HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
      result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
      System.out.println("请求成功出参==>" + result);
}
输出：请求成功出参==>success

post+json

服务端代码同OkHttpClient  post+json服务端代码。

String result = "";
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/testPostJson");
Map<String, String> params = Maps.newHashMap();
params.put("name", "张三");
params.put("age", "20");

httpPost.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
httpPost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSON.toJSONString(params), Charset.forName("UTF-8")));

HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println("请求成功出参==>" + result);
}

RestTemplate

在基于Spring的项目中可以使用RestTemplate

初始配置

声明restTemplate Bean

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {

        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(factory);
        restTemplate.getInterceptors().add(new HttpApiLogInterceptor()); // 拦截器配置
        return restTemplate;
    }
    @Bean
    public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setReadTimeout(150000); // ms
        factory.setConnectTimeout(150000); // ms
        return factory;
    }
}

get

服务端代码同OkHttpClient get服务端代码。

客户端

 @Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;


@RequestMapping("/testGet")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testGet() {

        String res = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/testGet?name=1&age=2", String.class);
        System.out.println("出参===》"+res);
        return res;
}

输出：出参===》success

post+form

服务端代码同OkHttpClient  post服务端代码。

客户端

@RequestMapping("/testPostForm")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testPostForm() {
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        //接口参数
        map.add("name", "11");
        map.add("age", "222");
        //头部类型
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
        //构造实体对象
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> param = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers);
        //发起请求,服务地址，请求参数，返回消息体的数据类型
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity("http://localhost:8080/testPostForm1", param, String.class);
        //body
        String body = response.getBody();
        System.out.println("body===>" + body);
        //如果出参是JSON格式的字符串可以进行如下转化
//        Map result = JSON.parseObject(body, Map.class);
//        System.out.println("result==>"+JSON.toJSONString(result));
        return "success";
    }


输出：body===>success

post+json

服务端代码同OkHttpClient  post+json服务端代码。

客户端

@RequestMapping("/testPostJson")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testPostJson() throws Exception {

        Model model = new Model();
        model.setAge(222);
        model.setName("1111");
        // 注意下面这三句
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        //头部类型
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        //构造实体对象
        HttpEntity<String> param = new HttpEntity<>(JSON.toJSONString(model), headers);

        //发起请求,服务地址，请求参数，返回消息体的数据类型
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity("http://localhost:8080/testPostJson", param, String.class);
        //body
        String body = response.getBody();
        System.out.println("body===>" + body);
        return "success";
    }


输出：body===>success

附：restTemplate拦截器配置

public class HttpApiLogInterceptor implements ClientHttpRequestInterceptor {

    private Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpApiLogInterceptor.class);
    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest request, byte[] body, ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) throws IOException {

        long startMills=System.currentTimeMillis();

        ClientHttpResponse response= null;
        String resShowText=null;
        try {
            response=execution.execute(request, body);
        }catch (Exception e){
            logger.error("异常",e);
            resShowText=e.getMessage();
        }
        long endMills=System.currentTimeMillis();

        if(response!=null){
            resShowText=response.getStatusText()+","+response.getRawStatusCode();
        }

        logger.info("请求情况:耗时:{}毫秒,地址：{} | 请求方法： {} | 请求内容：{} | 请求头：{} |结果{}", endMills-startMills,request.getURI(),
                request.getMethod(),
                new String(body),
                request.getHeaders(),resShowText);
        return response;
    }
}

URL下载文件

服务端

@RequestMapping("/testDownLoad")
    @ResponseBody
    public void testDownLoad(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        // 输出流(输出到网络)
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        // 读取本地文件
        File file = new File("/data/test/test.zip");
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        BufferedInputStream bf = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);

        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        // 输入流(从磁盘输入)每次读取有效的字节数
        while ((len = bf.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            // 把有效的字节写到输出流(输出到网络)中
            outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
        }
        outputStream.close();
    }

客户端

        // get方式+原生方法
        try {
            URL httpUrl = new URL("http://localhost:8081/testDownLoad");
            InputStream inputStream = httpUrl.openStream();

            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len = 0;

            String fileNameAnPath = "/data/test/1.txt";
            File f = new File(fileNameAnPath);
            if (f.exists()) {
                f.delete();
            }
            // 当已存在file时,如果第二个参数为true,选在向该文件末尾追加
            // FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(f,true);
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(f);
            while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                fileOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println(e);
        }

        // get方式+工具类
        try {
            URL httpUrl = new URL("http://localhost:8081/testDownLoad");
            String fileNameAnPath = "/data/test/2.txt";
            File f = new File(fileNameAnPath);
            if (f.exists()) {
                f.delete();
            }
            // 获取
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(httpUrl, f);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println(e);
        }
        // post方式+工具类
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://localhost:8081/testDownLoad")
                .build();
        try {
            Response response = new OkHttpClient().newCall(request).execute();
            if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
                System.out.println("请求失败");
                return;
            }
            byte[] bytes = response.body().bytes();
            System.out.println(bytes.length);
            String fileNameAnPath = "/data/test/3.txt";

            Files.write(Paths.get(fileNameAnPath), bytes, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("下载异常");
        }

上传文件

客户端

<form id="ff_addFile" method="post" action="" enctype="multipart/form-data">
		<input type="file" id="id-input-file-1" name="files" enctype="multipart/form-data">
		</label>

		<button  type="button" id="file_submit" onclick="upLoadFile()">
			提交
		</button>
	</form>

function upLoadFile(){
		var form = $('#ff_addFile')[0];
		var formData = new FormData(form);
		$("#up_text1").show();
		$.ajax({
			url: "http://localhost:8081/fileUpload",
			type: "POST",
			data: formData,
			contentType: false,
			processData: false,
			success: function (data) {
				if (success) {
					alert("上传成功");
				}
				else {
					alert(data);
				}
			},
			error: function () {
				alert("上传失败");
			}
		});
	}

服务端

@PostMapping(value = "/fileUpload")
    @ResponseBody
    public String fileUpload(@Valid FileRequest request, BindingResult error) {


        List<FileRequest> channelFeeStatements = new ArrayList<>();
        if (error.hasErrors()) {
            return "error";
        }
        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(request.getFiles()) && request.getFiles().size() > 1) {
            return "error";
        }

        try {
            // 获取输入流(网络-->内存)
            MultipartFile multipartFile = request.getFiles().get(0);
            InputStream inputStream = multipartFile.getInputStream();
            long size = multipartFile.getSize();
            byte[] res = multipartFile.getBytes();

            System.out.println(size);
            System.out.println(res.length);

            // 原始文件名称
            String originalFilename = multipartFile.getOriginalFilename();

            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len = 0;
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("/data/temp/" + originalFilename));
            BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(fileOutputStream);
            // 上传文件读入到数组
            while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                // 数组写出到本地文件
                bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes,0, len);
            }
            // 如果用BufferedOutputStream记得刷新/关闭流,否则会丢失字节
            bufferedOutputStream.flush();
            bufferedOutputStream.close();
            fileOutputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }
        return "success";
    }

    @Data
    public class FileRequest {

        private List<MultipartFile> files;

    }