【Git】使用中.gitignore规则不生效的解决办法

.gitignore规则不生效的解决办法
把某些目录或文件加入忽略规则，按照上述方法定义后发现并未生效，原因是.gitignore只能忽略那些原来没有被追踪的文件，如果某些文件已经被纳入了版本管理中，则修改.gitignore是无效的。那么解决方法就是先把本地缓存删除（改变成未被追踪状态），然后再提交：

git rm -r --cached .
git add .
git commit -m 'update .gitignore'

一些通用的禁止文件：

### Eclipse ###
.metadata
bin/
tmp/
*.tmp
*.bak
*.swp
*~.nib
local.properties
.settings/
.loadpath
.recommenders

# External tool builders
.externalToolBuilders/

# Locally stored "Eclipse launch configurations"
*.launch

# PyDev specific (Python IDE for Eclipse)
*.pydevproject

# CDT-specific (C/C++ Development Tooling)
.cproject

# CDT- autotools
.autotools

# Java annotation processor (APT)
.factorypath

# PDT-specific (PHP Development Tools)
.buildpath

# sbteclipse plugin
.target

# Tern plugin
.tern-project

# TeXlipse plugin
.texlipse

# STS (Spring Tool Suite)
.springBeans

# Code Recommenders
.recommenders/

# Annotation Processing
.apt_generated/
.apt_generated_test/

# Scala IDE specific (Scala & Java development for Eclipse)
.cache-main
.scala_dependencies
.worksheet



### Eclipse Patch ###
# Spring Boot Tooling
.sts4-cache/


.grunt


node_modules

# Book build output
_book

# eBook build output
*.epub
*.mobi
*.pdf

### Go ###
# Binaries for programs and plugins
#*.exe
#*.exe~
#*.dll
*.so
*.dylib

# Test binary, built with `go test -c`
*.test

# Output of the go coverage tool, specifically when used with LiteIDE
*.out

# Dependency directories (remove the comment below to include it)
# vendor/

### Go Patch ###
/vendor/
/Godeps/

### Java ###
# Compiled class file
*.class

# Log file
logs/**
*.log

# BlueJ files
*.ctxt

# Mobile Tools for Java (J2ME)
.mtj.tmp/

# Package Files #
#*.jar
*.war
*.nar
*.ear
*.zip
*.tar.gz
*.rar


hs_err_pid*

# User-specific stuff
.idea/**
.idea/**/workspace.xml
.idea/**/tasks.xml
.idea/**/usage.statistics.xml
.idea/**/dictionaries
.idea/**/shelf

# Generated files
.idea/**/contentModel.xml

# Sensitive or high-churn files
.idea/**/dataSources/
.idea/**/dataSources.ids
.idea/**/dataSources.local.xml
.idea/**/sqlDataSources.xml
.idea/**/dynamic.xml
.idea/**/uiDesigner.xml
.idea/**/dbnavigator.xml

# Gradle
.idea/**/gradle.xml
.idea/**/libraries

# CMake
cmake-build-*/

# Mongo Explorer plugin
.idea/**/mongoSettings.xml

# File-based project format
*.iws

# IntelliJ
out/

temp/**

# mpeltonen/sbt-idea plugin
.idea_modules/

# JIRA plugin
atlassian-ide-plugin.xml

# Cursive Clojure plugin
.idea/replstate.xml

# Crashlytics plugin (for Android Studio and IntelliJ)
com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
crashlytics.properties
crashlytics-build.properties
fabric.properties

# Editor-based Rest Client
.idea/httpRequests

# Android studio 3.1+ serialized cache file
.idea/caches/build_file_checksums.ser

../../../../../.idea/


*.iml
modules.xml
.idea/misc.xml
*.ipr

# Sonarlint plugin
.idea/sonarlint

### Linux ###
*~

# temporary files which can be created if a process still has a handle open of a deleted file
.fuse_hidden*

# KDE directory preferences
.directory

# Linux trash folder which might appear on any partition or disk
.Trash-*

# .nfs files are created when an open file is removed but is still being accessed
.nfs*

### macOS ###
# General
.DS_Store
.AppleDouble
.LSOverride

# Icon must end with two \r
Icon


# Thumbnails
._*

# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
.DocumentRevisions-V100
.fseventsd
.Spotlight-V100
.TemporaryItems
.Trashes
.VolumeIcon.icns
.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent

# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
.AppleDB
.AppleDesktop
Network Trash Folder
Temporary Items
.apdisk

### Maven ###
target/
pom.xml.tag
pom.xml.releaseBackup
pom.xml.versionsBackup
pom.xml.next
release.properties
dependency-reduced-pom.xml
buildNumber.properties
.mvn/timing.properties
.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar
/target/

Cargo.lock

### Vim ###
# Swap
[._]*.s[a-v][a-z]
!*.svg  # comment out if you don't need vector files
[._]*.sw[a-p]
[._]s[a-rt-v][a-z]
[._]ss[a-gi-z]
[._]sw[a-p]

# Session
Session.vim
Sessionx.vim

# Temporary
.netrwhist
# Auto-generated tag files
tags
# Persistent undo
[._]*.un~

### VisualStudioCode ###
.vscode/*
!.vscode/tasks.json
!.vscode/launch.json
*.code-workspace

### VisualStudioCode Patch ###
# Ignore all local history of files
.history
.ionide

### Windows ###
# Windows thumbnail cache files
Thumbs.db
Thumbs.db:encryptable
ehthumbs.db
ehthumbs_vista.db

# Dump file
*.stackdump

# Folder config file
[Dd]esktop.ini

# Recycle Bin used on file shares
$RECYCLE.BIN/

# Windows Installer files
*.cab
*.msi
*.msix
*.msm
*.msp

# Windows shortcuts
*.lnk