python之os处理文件和目录的函数

1. 获取当前工作目录

import os

current_directory = os.getcwd()
print("Current Directory:", current_directory)

样例输出:

Current Directory: /home/user/project

2. 改变当前工作目录

import os

os.chdir('/path/to/new/directory')
print("Changed Directory:", os.getcwd())

样例输出:

Changed Directory: /path/to/new/directory

3. 列出目录中的所有文件和子目录

import os

directory_contents = os.listdir('/path/to/directory')
print("Directory Contents:", directory_contents)

样例输出:

Directory Contents: ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt', 'subdir']

4. 创建新目录

import os

os.mkdir('/path/to/new/directory')
print("Directory Created")

样例输出:

Directory Created

5. 递归创建目录

import os

os.makedirs('/path/to/new/directory/with/subdirectories')
print("Directories Created")

样例输出:

Directories Created

6. 删除文件

import os

os.remove('/path/to/file')
print("File Deleted")

样例输出:

File Deleted

7. 删除空目录

import os

os.rmdir('/path/to/empty/directory')
print("Empty Directory Deleted")

样例输出:

Empty Directory Deleted

8. 递归删除目录

import shutil

shutil.rmtree('/path/to/directory')
print("Directory and all its contents deleted")

样例输出:

Directory and all its contents deleted

9. 检查路径是否存在

import os

path_exists = os.path.exists('/path/to/check')
print("Path Exists:", path_exists)

样例输出:

Path Exists: True

10. 检查是否是文件

import os

is_file = os.path.isfile('/path/to/check')
print("Is File:", is_file)

样例输出:

Is File: True

11. 检查是否是目录

import os

is_directory = os.path.isdir('/path/to/check')
print("Is Directory:", is_directory)

样例输出:

Is Directory: False

12. 获取文件的大小

import os

file_size = os.path.getsize('/path/to/file')
print("File Size:", file_size)

样例输出:

File Size: 1024

13. 获取文件的绝对路径

import os

absolute_path = os.path.abspath('relative/path/to/file')
print("Absolute Path:", absolute_path)

样例输出:

Absolute Path: /home/user/project/relative/path/to/file

14. 分割路径

import os

path, filename = os.path.split('/path/to/file')
print("Path:", path)
print("Filename:", filename)

样例输出:

Path: /path/to
Filename: file

15. 获取文件扩展名

import os

filename, file_extension = os.path.splitext('/path/to/file.txt')
print("Filename:", filename)
print("File Extension:", file_extension)

样例输出:

Filename: /path/to/file
File Extension: .txt

16. 遍历目录树

import os

for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/path/to/directory'):
    print("Root:", root)
    print("Directories:", dirs)
    print("Files:", files)

样例输出:

Root: /path/to/directory
Directories: ['subdir1', 'subdir2']
Files: ['file1.txt', 'file2.txt']
Root: /path/to/directory/subdir1
Directories: []
Files: ['file3.txt']
Root: /path/to/directory/subdir2
Directories: []
Files: ['file4.txt']

好的，继续为你提供剩余的代码示例和样例输出：

17. 组合路径

import os

combined_path = os.path.join('/path/to/directory', 'file.txt')
print("Combined Path:", combined_path)

样例输出:

Combined Path: /path/to/directory/file.txt