在Ubuntu搭建一个ftp环境

1.安装ftp

安装vsftpd 的命令：

sudo apt-get install vsftpd

2.修改配置

打开/etc/vsftpd.conf配置文件，如下:

listen=NO
listen_ipv6=YES

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES


# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.


# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
# pam_service_name=vsftpd
pam_service_name=ftp

# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES

这些命令的主要效果如下：

• nonymous_enable=NO拒绝匿名登陆
• write_enable=YES 设置可以上传文件，这个设置看需要个人需要
• xferlog_enable=YES开启日志记录
• xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log设置日志文件路径
• xferlog_std_format=YES设置日志格式为标准输出
• connect_from_port_20=YES绑定20端口
• ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service.欢迎语句，在使用shell时可以看到
  上面的这几个配置实现的功能是：用户被限制在自己的主目录下。用户名单来源于/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list。
  具体可以参考：http://blog.csdn.net/bluishglc/article/details/42398811

一个重要的配置

pam_service_name=ftp原配置中为vsftpd，ubuntu用户需要更改成ftp

关于编码：

utf8_filesystem=YES

不知道这项有没有起作用，上传的文件不乱码，用浏览器打开是乱码，使用windows自带的文件资源管理器是没有乱码的，使用filezila乱码。

创建用户:

mkdir /home/username
sudo useradd username -g ftp -d /home/username -m username
sudo passwd username's password
mkdir /home/username/pub
chmod 777 -R /home/username/pub		新建一个pub目录用于存放文件，并且赋予全部访问权限
usermod -s /sbin/nologin username	限制用户username只能通过ftp登陆，而不能直接登陆服务器

重要的一点：

新建/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list将username放进去

启动vsftpd或者重启

systemctl start vsftpd或者service vsftpd start
systemctl restart vsftpd或者service vsftpd restart

登陆：

1. 在windows的文件资源管理器或者在浏览器中打开ftp://your_server_ip输入账号密码，即可用登陆。
2. 浏览器中只能查看，文件操作如新建等需要在window的文件资源管理器中或者filezila中进行。
3. ubuntu操作系统下可以使用ftp your_server_ip来登录