磁盘分区fdisk、parted
Fdisk
对磁盘的基本操作:
对磁盘进行分区,对分区格式化,手动挂载三个步骤
如:
对/dev/sdb磁盘进行操作
fdisk /dev/sdb 进入磁盘操作模式
[root@baidu /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): /*此处输入“m”显示帮助文档
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition /*删除分区
l list known partition types 列出分区类型
m print this menu 显示菜单帮助
n add a new partition 添加分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table 打印分区表
q quit without saving changes 不保存退出
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit 保存并退出
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): /*输入相应选项进行相应的磁盘操作
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary p
artition (1-4)
p 创建分区类型e扩展分区,p主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 /*输入分区使用的号码
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1 输入分区起始块
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): 2610 输入分区止块可以+xg(k,m,g,)
Command (m for help): w 保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
分区完了就可以用 ls /dev/sdb*查看分区情况
[root@baidu /]# ls /dev/sdb*
/dev/sdb /dev/sdb1
对分区格式化
[root@baidu /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks
262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
挂载分区
mount
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
对于MBR最多支持4个主分区,支持多个扩展分区,总分区不大于15个
逻辑分区必须创建在扩展分区上
Parted
Linux下分区详解之-Parted
通常我们用的比较多的一般都是fdisk工具来进行分区,但是现在由于磁盘越来越廉价,而且磁盘空间越来越大;而fdisk工具他对分区是有大小限制的,它只能划分小于2T的磁盘。但是现在的磁盘空间很多都已经是远远大于2T了,甚至达到2.5T和3T,那要怎么办能,有两个方法,其一是通过卷管理来实现,其二就是通过我们今天谈到的Parted工具来实现对GPT磁盘进行分区操作。
GPT格式的磁盘相当于原来MBR磁盘中原来保留4个partition table的4*16个字节,只留第一个16个字节,类似于扩展分区,真正的partitiontable在512字节之后,GPT磁盘没有四个主分区的限制。
1、 Parted工具详解:
1.1 进入Parted的方法(在命令行输入Parted命令即可)
[root@jetsen ~]# partet
Warning: Unable to open/dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system)。 /dev/hdc has been
opened read-only.
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/hdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)
1.2 获取parted工具帮助的方法:(只需输入help即可)
(parted) help
或
[root@jetsen ~]# parted--help
Usage: parted [OPTION]…[DEVICE [COMMAND [PARAMETERS]…]…]
Apply COMMANDs withPARAMETERS to DEVICE. If no COMMAND(s)are given, run in
interactive mode.
OPTIONs:
-h, --help displays this help message
-i, --interactive where necessary, prompts for userintervention
-l, --list lists partition tables ofall detected devices
-s, --script never prompts for userintervention
-v, --version displays the version
1.3 退出parted工具(只需输入quit即可)
(parted) quit
Information: Don't forget toupdate /etc/fstab, if necessary.
并且同时会提示及时更新/etc/fstab文件
2、 开始通过parted工具来对磁盘进行操作
2.1 查看单个磁盘状态
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3
(parted)
2.2 查看所有磁盘状态
[root@jetsen ~]#parted -l
Warning: Unable toopen /dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system)。 /dev/hdc has been
opened read-only.
Error: Unable toopen /dev/hdc - unrecognised disk label.
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda:21.5GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot
2 107MB 21.5GB 21.4GB primary lvm
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00kB 16.1GB 16.1GB ext3
Error: Unable toopen /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label.
Error: Unable toopen /dev/sde - unrecognised disk label.
Error: Unable toopen /dev/md0 - unrecognised disk label.
2.2 通过parted工具来创建大于2T的分区
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sde
GNU Parted 1.8.1 ---Parted的软件版本号
Using /dev/sde ---将执行下面操作盘
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. –欢迎信息
(parted) mklabel ----创建创建磁盘标签
New disk labeltype? gpt
(parted) p ----查看分区状态
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde:2190GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []? gpt2t ---指定分区名称
File system type? [ext2]ext3 ----指定分区类型
Start? 1 ---指定开始位置
End? 2190GB ---指定结束位置
//以上步骤可以简写
1 使用 fdisk -l 进行磁盘信息查看
fdisk -l
2 使用命令parted 操作 /dev/sdc
parted /dev/sdc
3 格式化为gpt格式的分区表
mktable gpt
4 创建一个400M的主分区
mkpart primary 0MB 400MB
(parted) P ----显示分区信息
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t
(parted) Q ---退出
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. -----提示不要忘记更新/etc/fstab文件
2.3 通过parted工具来实现单磁盘多分区
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdd
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p ---列出分区信息
Error:Unable to open /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label. ----由于没有打上磁盘标签,所以表现信息无法列出
(parted)mklabel ----创建磁盘标签
New disk labeltype? gpt ---输入磁盘表情名
(parted) p ----再次列出磁盘分区
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi) ---显示磁盘类型为SCSI磁盘
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB ---磁盘大小为1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B ---扇区大小为512B
Partition Table:gpt ----显示标签名为我刚才输入的标签名称
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----现在是一新硬盘还没有创建分区
(parted)mkpart ---创建分区
Partitionname? []? part1 ---指定分区名称
File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定义分区类型
Start? 1G ---指定起始位置
End? 10G ----指定终止位置
(parted)mkpart ---创建分区
Partitionname? []? part2 ---指定分区名称
File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定义分区类型
Start? 11G ---指定起始位置
End? 100G ---指定终止位置
(parted)mkpart
Partitionname? []? part3
File systemtype? [ext2]?
Start? 101G ----指定分区其实位置
End? -1 ----指定到分区最后
(parted) p ----显示分区信息
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ---查看到下面共有三个分区
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2
3 100GB 1100GB 1000GB part3
(parted) rm 3 ------删除分区3
(parted) p ------再次查看分区状态
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----显示分区删除成功,只剩下两个分区
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2
(parted) quit
Information: Don'tforget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.
[root@jetsen ~]#ls -l /dev/sdd*
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 48 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 49 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd1
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 50 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd2
[root@jetsen ~]#
2.3 通过parted工具来删除分区
[root@jetsen ~]# parted /dev/sde
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sde
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t
(parted) rm 1 ----删除分1号分区
(parted) p ----显示分区信息,看如下是没有分区的
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) q
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.
[root@jetsen ~]#
2.4 通过parted工具来创建文件系统
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdd -----选择要格式化的磁盘
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkfs 2ext3 ----格式化的类型为ext3分区号为2-
Warning: Theexisting file system will be destroyed and all data on the partition will
be lost. Do youwant to continue?
parted: invalidtoken: 2
Yes/No? yes ----再次确认是否格式化
Partition number?2 -----再次输入磁盘分区号
File system? [ext2]? ----格式化的类型
(parted)
查看格式化是否成功:
(parted) p -----查看文件系统是否被格式化
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2 part2 -------可以看到文件系统类型为ext2,可确定文件系统已经被格式化了。
(parted)
挂载刚才格式化后的文件系统
[root@jetsen ~]#cd / -----退到根目录
[root@jetsen /]#mkdir part2 -----创建part目录
[root@jetsen /]#mount /dev/sdd2 /part2 -----将/dev/sdd2挂载到/part2
[root@jetsen /]#df –h -----查看分区信息
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
18G 5.8G 11G 35% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 4.0K 506M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sdd2 83G 52K 79G 1% /part2 ------可以看到已经被挂载上来
[root@jetsen /]#cd /part2
[root@jetsenpart2]# mkdir 1111 ------并且可以访问
[root@jetsenpart2]# ls
1111 lost+found
[root@jetsen part2]#
删除和恢复分区
[root@jetsen /]#umount /dev/sdd2 ----卸载分区
[root@jetsen /]#parted /dev/sdd ---通过parted选择/dev/sdd磁盘进入操作
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) rm 2 ------删除磁盘分区
(parted) rescue -------对磁盘分区进行恢复
Start? 10G
End? 100G
Information: A ext2 primary partitionwas found at 10.0GB -> 100GB. Do youwant to add
it to the partition table?
Yes/No/Cancel? Yes ----告诉
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2
(parted)
[root@jetsen/]# cd /part2 ----神奇吧,数据也被恢复回来了
[root@jetsenpart2]# ls
1111 lost+found
2.6 通过parted工具来验证和维护文件系统及分区。
验证文件系统的完整性:
(parted)check 1
Error:File system was not cleanly unmounted! You should run e2fsck. Modifyingan
uncleanfile system could cause severe corruption.
Ignore/Cancel?ignore
Information:The ext2 file system passed a basic check. For a more comprehensive check,
use thee2fsck program.
(parted)