Hibernate HQL的子查询

子查询是SQL中很重要的功能，他可以在SQL中利用另外一条SQL的查询结果，HQL同样支持此机制

如果子查询返回都条记录，可以用以下关键字进行量化

all: 表示所有记
any:表示所有记录中的任意1条
some:与any用法一样
in:与=any等价
exist: 表示子查询至少要返回一条记录

数据库结构：

 

create   table  testStu (id  varchar ( 32 ),name  varchar ( 32 ),age  int ,team_id  varchar ( 32 ));

insert   into  teststu  values (" 1 ","tom1", 11 ," 1 ");
insert   into  teststu  values (" 2 ","tom2", 12 ," 2 ");
insert   into  teststu  values (" 3 ","tom3", 13 ," 1 ");
insert   into  teststu  values (" 4 ","tom4", 14 ," 2 ");
insert   into  teststu  values (" 5 ","tom5", 15 ," 1 ");
insert   into  teststu  values (" 6 ","tom6", 16 ," 2 ");
insert   into  teststu  values (" 7 ","tom7", 17 ," 1 ");
insert   into  teststu  values (" 8 ","tom8", 18 ," 2 ");
insert   into  teststu  values (" 9 ","tom9", 19 ," 1 ");
insert   into  teststu  values (" 10 ","tom10", 20 ," 2 ");


create   table  testteam (id  varchar ( 32 )  primary   key ,name  varchar ( 32 ));

insert   into  testteam  values (" 1 ","team1");
insert   into  testteam  values (" 2 ","team2");

 

POJO:

 

package  Search.filter;

public   class  TestStu  ... {
    private String id; //标识id
    private String name; //学生姓名
    private int age; //岁数
    private TestTeam team;
  

     public int getAge() ...{
        return age;
    }

    public String getName() ...{
        return name;
    }



    public void setId(String id) ...{
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) ...{
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void setName(String stuName) ...{
        this.name = stuName;
    }



    public String getId() ...{
        return id;
    }

    public TestStu() ...{ //无参的构造函数
    }

    public TestTeam getTeam() ...{
        return team;
    }

    public void setTeam(TestTeam team) ...{
        this.team = team;
    }

}


package  Search.filter;

import  java.util.Set;

public   class  TestTeam  ... {
   private String id;
   private String name;
   private Set students;
public String getId() ...{
    return id;
}
public void setId(String id) ...{
    this.id = id;
}
public String getName() ...{
    return name;
}
public void setName(String name) ...{
    this.name = name;
}
public Set getStudents() ...{
    return students;
}
public void setStudents(Set students) ...{
    this.students = students;
}
}

 

Hibernate.cfg.xml

 

<? xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<! DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd" >

<!--  Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools.                    -->
< hibernate-configuration >

< session-factory >
     < property  name ="connection.username" > root </ property >
     < property  name ="connection.url" >
        jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/schoolproject?characterEncoding=gb2312 &amp; useUnicode=true
     </ property >
     < property  name ="dialect" >
        org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
     </ property >
     < property  name ="myeclipse.connection.profile" > mysql </ property >
     < property  name ="connection.password" > 1234 </ property >
     < property  name ="connection.driver_class" >
        com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
     </ property >
     < property  name ="hibernate.dialect" >
        org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
     </ property >
     < property  name ="hibernate.show_sql" > true </ property >
     < property  name ="current_session_context_class" > thread </ property >
     < mapping  resource ="Search/sub/TestStu.hbm.xml"   />
     < mapping  resource ="Search/sub/TestTeam.hbm.xml"   />

</ session-factory >

</ hibernate-configuration >

 

TestStu.hbm.xml

 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<!--  
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools
-->
< hibernate-mapping  package ="Search.fetch"   >
   
     < class  name ="Search.sub.TestStu"  table ="teststu"  lazy ="true" >
        < id  name ="id"  column ="id"  unsaved-value ="null" >
          < generator  class ="uuid.hex" ></ generator >
        </ id >

        < property  name ="name"  column ="name" ></ property >
        < property  name ="age"  column ="age" ></ property >
        < many-to-one  name ="team"  column ="team_id" >
        </ many-to-one >
       </ class >
</ hibernate-mapping >

TestTeam.hbm.xml

 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<!--  
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools
-->
< hibernate-mapping >
< class  name ="Search.sub.TestTeam"  table ="testteam"  lazy ="true" >
     < id  name ="id"  column ="id"  unsaved-value ="null" >
         < generator  class ="uuid.hex" ></ generator >
     </ id >
     < property  name ="name"  column ="name"  type ="string" ></ property >
     < set  name ="students"  inverse ="true"  lazy ="true"  fetch ="select" >
       < key  column ="team_id" ></ key >
       < one-to-many  class ="Search.sub.TestStu" />

     </ set >
  </ class >    

</ hibernate-mapping >

 

测试代码：

 

package  Search.sub;

import  java.io.File;
import  java.util.Iterator;
import  java.util.List;

import  org.hibernate.Query;
import  org.hibernate.Session;
import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import  org.hibernate.Transaction;
import  org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public   class  Test  ... {


    public static void main(String[] args)...{
        String filePath=System.getProperty("user.dir")+File.separator+"src/Search/sub"+File.separator+"hibernate.cfg.xml";
        File file=new File(filePath);
        SessionFactory sessionFactory=new Configuration().configure(file).buildSessionFactory();
        Session session=sessionFactory.openSession();
        Transaction t=(Transaction)session.beginTransaction();
        
        //查询所有学生年龄都大于11岁的班级对象（结果应为team2）
        //team1学生年龄是11,13,15,17,19
        //team2学生年龄是12，14，16，17，20
        /**//*
         * 使用SQL
         * select t1.name
           from testteam t1
           where 11<all(SELECT s.age from teststu s where s.team_id=t1.id);
         */
        Query query=session.createQuery("from TestTeam t where 11<all(select s.age from t.students s)");
        //注意：不能将11<all 写成all>11以违反Mysql规则
        List teamList=query.list();
        for (Iterator iterator = teamList.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) ...{
            TestTeam object = (TestTeam) iterator.next();
            System.out.println(object.getName());
        }
        
        //查询有一个学生的年龄为15岁的team对象(结果应为team1)
        /**//*
         * 使用SQL
         * select t1.name
           from testteam t1
           where 15=any(SELECT s.age from teststu s where s.team_id=t1.id);
         */
        Query query1=session.createQuery("from TestTeam t where 15=any(select s.age from t.students s)");
        List teamList1=query1.list();
        for (Iterator iterator = teamList1.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) ...{
            TestTeam object1 = (TestTeam) iterator.next();
            System.out.println(object1.getName());
        }
        t.commit();

    }

}

 

运行结果：

Hibernate: select testteam0_.id as id1_, testteam0_.name as name1_ from testteam testteam0_ where 11<all (select students1_.age from teststu students1_ where testteam0_.id=students1_.team_id)
team2
Hibernate: select testteam0_.id as id1_, testteam0_.name as name1_ from testteam testteam0_ where 15=any (select students1_.age from teststu students1_ where testteam0_.id=students1_.team_id)
team1

 

HQL子查依赖底层数据库的子查询能力，所以，要根据所使用的数据库来决定是否是用你HQL子查询，为了更多的移植性，最好使用连接查询和分组查询代替子查询