Java单例模式

一、 懒汉模式

public class MyObject {
    //立即记载方式==饿汉模式
    private static MyObject myObject = new MyObject();
    private MyObject(){
    }
    public static MyObject getInstance() {
        //因为getInstance()方法没有同步,会出现非线程安全
        return myObject;
    }
}

二、延迟加载 / 懒汉模式

public class MyObject {
    //立即记载方式==饿汉模式
    private static MyObject myObject;

    private MyObject() {
    }

    public static MyObject getInstance() {
        //延迟加载
        if (myObject != null) {
            myObject = new MyObject();
        }
        return myObject;
    }
}

三、 同步代码块/ 延迟加载 / 懒加载

public class MyObject {
    private static MyObject myObject;
    private MyObject() {
    }
    public static MyObject getInstance() {
        //此写法等同于：
        //synchronized public static MyObject getInstance()的写法，效率一样很低，全部代码被上锁
        synchronized (MyObject.class){
            if (myObject == null){
                myObject = new MyObject();
            }
        }
        return myObject;
    }
}

public class MyObject {
    private static MyObject myObject;
    private MyObject() {
    }
    public static MyObject getInstance() {
        if (myObject == null) {
            //效率是提高了
            //非线程安全
            synchronized (MyObject.class) {
                myObject = new MyObject();
            }
        }
        return myObject;
    }
}

四、使用DCL双检查机制来实现多线程环境中的延迟加载单例模式

public class MyObject {
    private volatile static MyObject myObject;
    private MyObject(){
    }
    //使用双检查机制来解决问题，即保证了不需要同步代码的异步执行性
    //又保证了单例的效果
    public static MyObject getInstance(){
        try {
            if (myObject == null){
                synchronized (MyObject.class){
                    if (myObject == null){
                        myObject = new MyObject();
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return myObject;
    }
}

五、使用静态内置类实现单例模式
（线程安全，但是遇到序列化对象时，使用默认的方式运行得到德结果还是多例的。

public class MyObject {
    private static class MyObjectHandler {
        private static MyObject myObject = new MyObject();
    }
    private MyObject(){
    }
    public static MyObject getInstance(){
        return MyObjectHandler.myObject;
    }
}

六、序列化与反序列化的单例模式实现

public class MyObject implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 869L;
    //内部类方式
    private static class MyObjectHandler {
        private static final MyObject myObject= new MyObject();
    }
    private MyObject(){
    }
    public static MyObject getInstance(){
        return MyObjectHandler.myObject;
    }
}

七、使用static代码块实现单例模式

public class MyObject {
    private static MyObject instance = null;
    private MyObject(){
    }
    static {
        instance = new MyObject();
    }
    public static MyObject getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }
}

八、使用enum枚举书籍类型实现单例模式

public enum  MyObject {
    INSTANCE;
    private Object data;
    public Object getData(){
        return data;
    }
    public void setData(Object data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
    public static MyObject getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}