python核心编程第二版 第二章练习题解答 未完待续

有人可能会想，连2-1和2-2这样的题目都回答，够无聊的啊。
因为现在处于并长期处于成为大师的第一阶段------守的阶段

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2-1

>>> a= '123'
>>> a
'123'
>>> print (a)
123

a是字符串123，如果格式化输出有问题报如下错误：

>>> print ('a is %d'% a)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not str

这样就正确了。

>>> print ('a is %s' % a)
a is 123

a如果是×××：

>>> a = 123
>>> print ('a is %s'% a)
a is 123
>>> a
123
>>> print (a)
123
>>> print ('a is %d' %a )
a is 123

print和交互式解释器显示对象的区别：
print调用str()函数显示对象，而交互式解释器则调用repr()函数来显示对象。

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2-2

(a) 用来计算1+2x4的结果
(b)作为脚本什么都不输出
©预期的一样，因为这个脚本没有print输出
(d)在交互式系统中有输出，如下：

>>> #!/usr/bin/env python
... 1 + 2 * 4
9
>>>

(e)脚本改进如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
print (1 + 2 * 4)

输出结果如下：

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2-3

在python3中/是真正的除法，//是地板除（取整，取比实际除法得到的结果小最近的整数）

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2-4

脚本：

[root@centos7_01 P36practise]# cat 2_4.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
x =  raw_input("please input a string:\n")
print x

运行结果：

[root@centos7_01 P36practise]# python 2_4.py
please input a string:
ad cd
ad cd

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2-5

[root@centos7_01 P36practise]#  cat 2-5.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
print 
print ("using loop while:")

i = 0
while i < 11 :
    print i
    i += 1
print 

print ("*"*50)

print ("using loop for:")

for i in range(11):
    print i
print 

运行结果：

[root@centos7_01 P36practise]# python 2-5.py 

using loop while:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

**************************************************
using loop for:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

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2-6

[root@centos7_01 P36practise]# cat 2-6.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys

print ("if you want to exit the program please insert q\n")
i = raw_input("please input a number:\n")

def fun(i):    
    try:
        i = int(i)
    except ValueError:
        print ("WARNING !!! %s is not permit \nplease input a num or 'q':\n")%i
        sys.exit()
    if i < 0:
        print "judge:%d is negative" % i
        print 

    elif i == 0:
        print "judge:%d is zero" % i
        print

    else:
        print "judge:%d is positive" % i
        print

while i != 'q':
    fun(i)
    i = raw_input("please input a number:\n")

else:
    sys.exit()

运行结果：(输入ctrl+c退出）

[root@centos7_01 P36practise]# python 2-6.py 
if you want to exit the program please insert q

please input a number:
1
judge:1 is positive

please input a number:
-1
judge:-1 is negative

please input a number:
0
judge:0 is zero

please input a number:
^CTraceback (most recent call last):
  File "2-6.py", line 27, in <module>
    i = raw_input("please input a number:\n")
KeyboardInterrupt

输入q退出：

[root@centos7_01 P36practise]# python 2-6.py
if you want to exit the program please insert q

please input a number:
-1