C++ STL标准库容器真正减少空间的方法

知行合一2018

已于 2023-01-29 16:54:23 修改

阅读量1.2k

点赞数 3

分类专栏： C++ 文章标签： c++ 开发语言

于 2023-01-11 11:18:18 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/davidhopper/article/details/128641573

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订阅专栏

文章通过示例代码说明，在C++中使用STL容器如std::vector时，即使调用clear或resize，内存可能不会真正释放。正确的做法是结合使用clear和shrink_to_fit函数，以确保容器占用的内存空间被回收。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

C++ STL标准库容器真正减少空间的方法

贺志国
2023年1月11日

我们在使用C++ STL标准库的容器如std::vector、std::list时，如果容器占用的内存比较大，一般希望在使用完毕后，将容器占用的内存空间给清理掉。最直观的想法是使用clear函数，还有一些人可能会使用resize函数，甚至有些人会使用reserve函数。不幸地是这些函数都不能让容器占用的内存真正释放。真正可以释放内存的方法是同时调用clear与shrink_to_fit函数：

std::vector<int> container(10000);
container.clear();
container.shrink_to_fit();

下面是示例代码：

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> container(10000);
    container[0] = 1;
    container[1] = 2;    
    container[2] = 3;
 
    auto print = [](const int& n) { std::cout << " " << n; };
 
    std::cout << "Before clear:";
    std::for_each(container.begin(), container.end(), print);
    std::cout << "\nSize=" << container.size() << ", Capacity=" << container.capacity() << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "\nClear all elements.\n";
    container.clear();
 
    std::cout << "\nAfter clear:";
    std::for_each(container.begin(), container.end(), print);
    std::cout << "\nSize=" << container.size() << ", Capacity=" << container.capacity() << '\n';

    std::cout << "\nAfter resize:";
    container.resize(0);
    std::cout << "\nSize=" << container.size() << ", Capacity=" << container.capacity() << '\n';
    
    std::cout << "\nAfter reserve:";
    container.reserve(0);
    std::cout << "\nSize=" << container.size() << ", Capacity=" << container.capacity() << '\n';
    
    
    std::cout << "\nAfter shrink_to_fit:";
    container.shrink_to_fit();
    std::cout << "\nSize=" << container.size() << ", Capacity=" << container.capacity() << '\n';
    
    return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

Before clear: 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Size=10000, Capacity=10000

Clear all elements.

After clear:
Size=0, Capacity=10000

After resize:
Size=0, Capacity=10000

After reserve:
Size=0, Capacity=10000

After shrink_to_fit:
Size=0, Capacity=0

说明：
使用swap()方法同样可以释放空间，具体用法请参考如下博客：C++ vector swap()去除多余容量。