C++连接Oracle/DB2/SQL Server

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最新推荐文章于 2022-06-22 00:06:02 发布

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调用OCI连接Oracle

Oracle Call Interface简称OCI，是Oracle数据库访问的基础接口。

下面的例子依次执行了：

初始化OCI环境

连接服务器

连接数据库

创建会话

执行查询

执行新增

断开会话

断开服务器

释放资源

示例代码：

#include <oci.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

//存放查询数据的结构体
struct result
{
    char ename[20];
    char cname[20];
    result()
    {
        memset(ename, '\0', sizeof(ename));
        memset(cname, '\0', sizeof(cname));
    }
};
 
int main()
{
    // 初始化 OCI 环境句柄指针
    OCIEnv *envhpp = NULL;
    // 初始化服务器句柄
    OCIServer *servhpp = NULL;
    // 用于捕获 OCI 错误信息
    OCIError *errhpp = NULL;
    // 初始化会话句柄
    OCISession *usrhpp = NULL;
    // 初始化服务上下文句柄
    OCISvcCtx *svchpp = NULL;
    // 初始化表达式句柄
    OCIStmt *stmthpp = NULL;
 
    string server="mydb";
 
    // 创建 OCI 环境 , 并设置环境句柄。
    sword swResult = OCIEnvCreate(&envhpp, OCI_DEFAULT, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
    if (swResult != OCI_SUCCESS && swResult != OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO)
    {
        cout << "Oracle environment initialization error!" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    cout << "Oracle environment initialization success!" << endl;
 
    // 创建错误句柄
    OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
 
    // 创建服务句柄
    OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&servhpp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
 
    // 连接服务器，如果失败则获取错误码
    if (OCIServerAttach(servhpp, errhpp, (text *)server.c_str(), strlen(server.c_str()), 0) != OCI_SUCCESS)
    {
        int errcno;
        char errbuf[512] = "";
        sb4 errcode;
 
        // 获取错误指针和 OCI 错误代码
        OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)errhpp, (ub4)1, (text *)NULL, &errcode, (ub1 *)errbuf, (ub4)sizeof(errbuf), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
        errcno = errcode;
 
        cout << "Oracle server attach error:" << errbuf << endl;
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)envhpp,OCI_HTYPE_ENV);
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)servhpp,OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)errhpp,OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
        exit(1);
    }
    cout << "Oracle server attach success!"<< endl;
 
    /***************** 连接数据库 ****************/
    string user = "user";
    string pas = "passwd";
    errhpp = NULL;
 
    // 创建错误句柄
    (void) OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
    // 创建服务上下文句柄
    (void) OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&svchpp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **)0);
    // 设置属性
    (void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)svchpp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)servhpp, (ub4)0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER, (OCIError *)errhpp);
    // 创建用户连接句柄
    (void) OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&usrhpp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **)0);
    // 设置用户名、密码
    (void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)usrhpp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid *)user.c_str(), (ub4)strlen(user.c_str()), (ub4)OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, errhpp);
    (void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)usrhpp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid *)pas.c_str(), (ub4)strlen(pas.c_str()), (ub4)OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, errhpp);
 
    // 创建会话连接
    if(OCISessionBegin(svchpp, errhpp, usrhpp, OCI_CRED_RDBMS, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_SUCCESS)
    {
        int errcno;
        char errbuf[512]={'\0'};
        sb4 errcode;
        
        // 获取错误指针和 OCI 错误代码
        OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)errhpp, (ub4)1, (text *)NULL, &errcode, (ub1 *)errbuf, (ub4)sizeof(errbuf), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
        errcno = errcode;
        cout << "User session error:" << errbuf << endl;
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)errhpp,OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)usrhpp,OCI_HTYPE_SESSION);
        OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)svchpp,OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
        exit(1); 
    }
    cout << "user session success!" << endl;
    
    (void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)svchpp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)usrhpp, (ub4)0, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_SESSION, errhpp);
 
    /*************** 执行 查询SQL 语句 ******************/
    errhpp = NULL;
 
    // 创建一个表达式句柄
    if (OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&stmthpp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0) != OCI_SUCCESS)
    {
        cout << "Create STMT error !" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    cout << "Create stmt success !" << endl;
    
    // 创建错误句柄
    OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
    
    // Select语句
    char sql[255] = "select col1, col2 from table1 ";
    
    if (OCIStmtPrepare(stmthpp, errhpp, (text *)sql, (ub4)strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_SUCCESS)
    {
         cout << "Create prepare error!" << sql << endl;
         exit(1);
    }
    cout << "Create prepare success!" << endl;
 
    /********* 绑定参数 ***********/
    // 申请绑定字段的句柄
    OCIDefine *bhp1 = NULL;
    OCIDefine *bhp2 = NULL;
    
    // 存放数据的结构
    struct result rst;
    
    // 指定提取数据长度
    ub2 datalen = 0;
    // 定义指示器变量 , 用于取可能存在空值的字段
    char isnul[6] = "";
    // 定义输出变量 ,
    OCIDefineByPos(stmthpp, &bhp1, errhpp, 1, (dvoid *)&rst.ename, sizeof(rst.ename), SQLT_CHR, NULL, &datalen, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
    OCIDefineByPos(stmthpp, &bhp2, errhpp, 2, (dvoid *)&rst.cname, sizeof(rst.cname), SQLT_STR, NULL, &datalen, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
 
    // 获取 SQL 语句类型
    ub2 stmt_type;
    OCIAttrGet ((dvoid *)stmthpp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (dvoid *)&stmt_type, (ub4 *)0, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE, errhpp);
    
    // 执行 SQL 语句
    OCIStmtExecute(svchpp, stmthpp, errhpp, (ub4)0, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
 
    // 获取查询信息
    int rows_fetched;
    do
    {
        cerr << rst.ename<< " ";
        cerr << rst.cname<< " \n";
    }
    while(OCIStmtFetch2(stmthpp, errhpp, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, 1, OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_NO_DATA);
 
    // 获得记录条数
    OCIAttrGet((CONST void *)stmthpp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (void *)&rows_fetched, (ub4 *)sizeof(rows_fetched), OCI_ATTR_ROW_COUNT, errhpp);
    cout << " rows :" << rows_fetched << endl;
 
    /*************** 执行 新增SQL 语句 ******************/
    if (OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&stmthpp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0) != OCI_SUCCESS)
    {
        cout << "Create STMT error !" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    cout << "Create stmt success !" << endl;
 
    OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
 
    // Insert语句
    char sql2[255] = "insert into table1 (col1, col2) values('testoci', 'testoci')";
    
    // 准备Sql语句
    if (OCIStmtPrepare(stmthpp, errhpp, (text *)sql2, (ub4)strlen(sql2), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_SUCCESS)
    {
         cout << "Create prepare error!" << sql2 << endl;
         exit(1);
    }
    cout << "Create prepare success!" << endl;
    
    // 执行SQL 语句
    OCIStmtExecute(svchpp, stmthpp, errhpp, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);

    // 断开用户会话
    OCILogoff(svchpp, errhpp);
    
    // 断开服务器连接
    OCIServerDetach(servhpp, errhpp, OCI_DEFAULT);
    
    // 释放资源
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) stmthpp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) svchpp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) servhpp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
    OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
 
    return 0;
}

在AIX 5.0环境下编译指令：

xlC -q64 -I/ora10g/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/rdbms/public -L/ora10g/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/lib -lclntsh -o ociTest ociTest.cpp

执行：

./ociTest

输出：
Oracle environment initialization success!
Oracle server attach success!
user session success!
Create stmt success !
Create prepare success!

col1 col2
rows :1
Create stmt success !

Create prepare success!

调用CLI连接DB2

DB2 Call Level Interface简称CLI ，是DB2数据库访问的基础接口。

下面例子依次执行了：

连接DB2数据库

创建操作句柄

查询操作

新增操作

断开连接

释放资源

示例代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sqlcli.h>
#include <sqlcli1.h>
#include <sqlenv.h>
#include <sqlda.h>
#include <sqlca.h>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
 
struct result
{
    char ename[50];
    char cname[100];
    int ename_len;
    int cname_len;
    
    result()
    {
        memset(ename, '\0', sizeof(ename));
        memset(cname, '\0', sizeof(cname));
    }
};
 
int main()
{
    SQLRETURN cliRC = SQL_SUCCESS;
    SQLHANDLE henv = SQL_NULL_HENV;
    SQLHANDLE hdbc = SQL_NULL_HDBC;
    SQLHANDLE hstmt = SQL_NULL_HSTMT;
 
    //获取环境句柄
    cliRC = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv);
    //获取连接句柄
    cliRC = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc);
    cliRC = SQLSetConnectAttr(hdbc,
                            SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,
                            (SQLPOINTER)SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF,
                            SQL_IS_INTEGER);
    cliRC = SQLConnect(hdbc,
                            (SQLCHAR *)"mydb",
                            SQL_NTS,
                            (SQLCHAR *)"user",
                            SQL_NTS,
                            (SQLCHAR *)"passwd",
                            SQL_NTS);
    if (cliRC != SQL_SUCCESS)
    {
        cout<<"connect fail"<<endl;
    }
 
    //设置连接
    cliRC = SQLSetConnection(hdbc);
 
    //获取操作句柄
    SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt);
 
    cliRC = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmt,
                            SQL_ATTR_DEFERRED_PREPARE,
                            (SQLPOINTER)SQL_DEFERRED_PREPARE_ON,
                            SQL_IS_INTEGER);
 
    cliRC = SQLSetStmtAttr(hstmt, SQL_ATTR_BLOCK_FOR_NROWS, (SQLPOINTER)100, SQL_IS_INTEGER);
    if (cliRC == SQL_SUCCESS)
    {
        cout<<"setStmtAttr"<<endl;
    }
 
    //查询语句
    const char * strSQL = "select col1, col2 from table1 ";
 
    cliRC = SQLExecDirect(hstmt, (SQLCHAR*)strSQL, SQL_NTS);
    if (cliRC == SQL_SUCCESS)
    {
        cout<<"SQL execute successfully"<<endl;
    }
    SQLSMALLINT ulColumns = 0;
 
    //获取列数
    cliRC = SQLNumResultCols(hstmt, &ulColumns);
    if (cliRC == SQL_SUCCESS)
    {
        cout<<"SQLNumResultCols num="<< ulColumns<<endl;
    }
 
    // SQLCHAR szName[50] = "";
    // SQLSMALLINT cbNameLen = 0;
    // SQLSMALLINT iType = 0;
    // SQLUINTEGER ulColumnSize = 0;
    // SQLSMALLINT iScale = 0;
 
    // cliRC = SQLDescribeCol(hstmt, (SQLSMALLINT)(0 + 1), szName, 32, &cbNameLen, &iType, &ulColumnSize, &iScale, NULL);
 
    // if (cliRC == SQL_SUCCESS)
    // {
        // printf("SQLDescribeCol ulColumnSize=[%d]\n", ulColumnSize);
    // } 
 
    //获取查询结果
    SQLPOINTER rgbValue;
    SQLINTEGER aaa = 0;
    SQLINTEGER *pcbValue = &aaa;
    char temp[100] = "";
    rgbValue = temp;
 
    struct result rst;
 
    cliRC = SQLBindCol(hstmt, 1, SQL_C_CHAR, rst.ename, sizeof(rst.ename), &rst.ename_len);
    cliRC = SQLBindCol(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_CHAR, rst.cname, sizeof(rst.cname), &rst.cname_len);
 
    while(SQLFetch(hstmt) != SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND)
    {
        cout<<"ename="<<rst.ename<<", cname="<< rst.cname<<endl;
    }
 
     //************************************INSERT 操作 ***************************************
    const char *insert = " insert into table1 (col1, col2) values('testcli', 'cli')";
    cliRC = SQLExecDirect(hstmt, (SQLCHAR*)insert, SQL_NTS);
    if (cliRC != SQL_SUCCESS)
    {
        printf("exec fail \n");
    }
 
    //成功操作行数
    SQLLEN ulRowEffected = 0;
    cliRC = SQLRowCount(hstmt, &ulRowEffected);
    cout<<"ulRowEffected = "<<ulRowEffected<<endl;
 
    //结束会话
    cliRC = SQLEndTran(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc, SQL_COMMIT);
    
    //释放资源
    cliRC = SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_UNBIND);
    cliRC = SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_CLOSE);
 
    return 0;    
}

在AIX5.0环境下编译：

xlc -q64 -I${DB2_HOME}/include -L${DB2_HOME}/lib -ldb2 -lpthread -o cliTest cliTest.cpp

使用OleDB连接SQL Server

下面例子依次调用了：

初始化环境

连接SQL Server

执行查询

关闭连接

示例代码：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <sys\timeb.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <atldbcli.h>
#include <atlconv.h>
using namespace std;
 
typedef struct result
{
    char ename[19];
    char cname[100];
    DBSTATUS dwEnameStatus;
    DBSTATUS dwCnameStatus;
} RESULT;
 
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    HRESULT hr;
    CDataSource m_ds;
    CSession m_session;
 
    //连接串指定数据库，用户名，密码
    char szConnectionString[512] = "Provider=SQLNCLI10.1;Data Source=10.2.0.10;Initial Catalog=MYDB;User ID=user;Password=passwd;Application Name=SQLSERVER;MARS Connection=True";
 
    ::CoInitialize(NULL);
 
    //连接数据库
    hr = m_ds.OpenFromInitializationString(CA2W(szConnectionString));
    
    //打开会话
    hr = m_session.Open(m_ds);

    DBORDINAL ulColumns = 0;
    CDBPropSet dbPropSet(DBPROPSET_ROWSET);
    CCommand<CManualAccessor, CRowset, CNoMultipleResults> m_command;
    hr = m_command.CreateCommand(m_session);
 
    CComPtr<ICommandText> spCommandText;
    hr = m_command.m_spCommand->QueryInterface(&spCommandText);
    USES_CONVERSION;
    
    //查询语句
    const TCHAR *cmd = _T(" select col1, col2 from table1 ");
 
    hr = spCommandText->SetCommandText(DBGUID_SQL, T2COLE(cmd));
 
    dbPropSet.AddProperty(DBPROP_ISequentialStream, true);
 
    hr = m_command.Open(&dbPropSet, NULL, false);
 
    DBCOLUMNINFO *m_pColumnInfo;
    LPOLESTR m_pStrings;
 
    //获取列信息
    hr = m_command.GetColumnInfo(&ulColumns
        , &m_pColumnInfo
        , &m_pStrings);
 
    BYTE * m_pRowInfoBuff;
    
    //初始化列绑定字段
    DBCOUNTITEM cbRowSize = (m_pColumnInfo[0].ulColumnSize + 1) * sizeof(CHAR);
    DBCOUNTITEM cbRowSize2 = (m_pColumnInfo[1].ulColumnSize + 1) * sizeof(CHAR);
 
    RESULT rst;
 
    int bufferSize = sizeof(rst.ename) + sizeof(rst.cname) +1;
    m_pRowInfoBuff = new BYTE[bufferSize];
 
    hr = m_command.CreateAccessor(ulColumns, m_pRowInfoBuff, (DBLENGTH)bufferSize);
 
    //DBORDINAL* pLength = (DBORDINAL*)(m_pRowInfoBuff + cbRowSize);
    //DBSTATUS* pStatus = (DBSTATUS*)(m_pRowInfoBuff + cbRowSize);
    DBTYPE dbType=DBTYPE_STR;
    DBLENGTH dbLength = (m_pColumnInfo[0].ulColumnSize + 1) * sizeof(TCHAR);
    DBLENGTH dbLength2 = (m_pColumnInfo[1].ulColumnSize + 1) * sizeof(TCHAR);
 
    //m_command.AddBindEntry(1, dbType, dbLength, pValue, pLength, pStatus);
    m_command.AddBindEntry(1, dbType, dbLength, rst.ename, NULL, &rst.dwEnameStatus);
    m_command.AddBindEntry(2, dbType, dbLength2, rst.cname, NULL, &rst.dwCnameStatus);
 
    hr = m_command.Bind();
 
    //获取查询信息
    while(S_OK == m_command.MoveNext())
    {
        printf(" ename = [%s] ,cname = [%s]\n", rst.ename, rst.cname);
    }
 
    //关闭连接
    m_command.Close();
    m_session.Close();
    m_ds.Close();
 
    ::CoUninitialize();
 
    ::getchar();
 
}