mycat的入门教程(一)

一、什么是MYCAT:
一个彻底开源的,面向企业应用开发的大数据库集群
支持事务、ACID、可以替代MySQL的加强版数据库
一个可以视为mysql集群的企业级数据库,用来替代昂贵的Oracle集群
一个融合内存缓存技术、NoSQL技术、HDFS大数据的新型SQL Server
结合传统数据库和新型分布式数据仓库的新一代企业级数据库产品
一个新颖的数据库中间件产品

二、 MyCat是一个基于cobar兴起的开源数据库中间件系统,当前深受广大开源爱好者的追捧以及DBA粉丝们的广泛研究。主要是面对解决高并发,高负载,海量存储等屏颈。

两张表users和test,两个数据库test,dmeo(两个库在一个数据库实例上)
users在test中存储。
test在dmeo中存储。

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `users`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `users`;
CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_name` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`;
CREATE TABLE `test` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `phone` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `create_time` datetime NOT NULL,
  `update_time` datetime NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='用户测试表';

开始使用( mycat官方网站上下载安装包,网址为mycat )
这里写图片描述

解压之后:
这里写图片描述

然后在conf目录下编辑service.xml,rule.xml,schema.xml、warpper.conf四个文件。
1、service.xml主要配置mycat服务的参数,比如端口号,myact用户名和密码使用的逻辑数据库等
2、rule.xml主要配置路由策略,主要有分片的片键,拆分的策略(取模还是按区间划分等)
3、schema.xml文件主要配置数据库的信息,例如逻辑数据库名称,物理上真实的数据源以及表和数据源之间的对应关系和路由策略等。
4、warpper 日志:mycat启动,停止,添加为服务等都会记录到此日志文件,如果系统环境配置错误或缺少配置时,导致 Mycat 无法启动,可以通过查看 warrpper.log 定位具体错误原因。warrpper.log可以删除,删除后会自动重新生成该日志
配置如下所示:
需要修改的配置文件
这里写图片描述

(1)**server.xml**
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
    - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
    may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
    - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
    License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
    under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <system>
        <property name="useSqlStat">0</property>  <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
        <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property>  <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 --> 
        <property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property>
        <!--  <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议-->
        <!--  <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号-->
        <!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> -->
        <!-- 
            <property name="processors">1</property> 
            <property name="processorExecutor">32</property> 
             -->
        <!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena-->
        <property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
        <!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 -->
        <!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
        <!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>-->
        <!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
        <!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
        <!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->

        <property name="defaultSqlParser">druidparser</property>
        <property name="mutiNodeLimitType">1</property>  
        <property name="serverPort">8066</property> 
        <property name="managerPort">9066</property> 
        <!--    <property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> 
        <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property> 
        <property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property>
        <property name="processors">32</property> -->
        <!--分布式事务开关,0为不过滤分布式事务,1为过滤分布式事务(如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表,则不过滤),2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志-->
        <property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property> 
        <!--
            off heap for merge/order/group/limit      1开启   0关闭
        -->
        <property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property> 
        <!-- 单位为m -->
        <property name="memoryPageSize">1m</property> 
        <!-- 单位为k -->
        <property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property> 
        <property name="useStreamOutput">0</property> 
        <!-- 单位为m -->
        <property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property> 
        <!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换  -->
        <property name="useZKSwitch">true</property> 
    </system>

    <!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 -->
    <!-- 
    <firewall> 
       <whitehost>
          <host host="127.0.0.1" user="mycat"/>
          <host host="127.0.0.2" user="mycat"/>
       </whitehost>
       <blacklist check="false">
       </blacklist>
    </firewall>
    -->

    <user name="root">
        <property name="password">root</property>
        <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>

        <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
        <!--        
        <privileges check="false">
            <schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" >
                <table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
                <table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table>
            </schema>
        </privileges>       
         -->
    </user>

    <user name="user">
        <property name="password">user</property>
        <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
        <property name="readOnly">true</property>
    </user>

</mycat:server>

(2)rule.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
    - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You 
    may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
    - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - 
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT 
    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the 
    License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations 
    under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <tableRule name="rule1">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
             <algorithm>func1</algorithm> 
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="rule2">
        <rule>
            <columns>user_id</columns>
            <algorithm>func1</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
        <rule>
            <columns>sharding_id</columns>
            <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="mod-long">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="sharding-by-murmur">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>murmur</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="crc32slot">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>crc32slot</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="sharding-by-month">
        <rule>
            <columns>create_time</columns>
            <algorithm>partbymonth</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="latest-month-calldate">
        <rule>
            <columns>calldate</columns>
            <algorithm>latestMonth</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="auto-sharding-rang-mod">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>rang-mod</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="jch">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <function name="murmur"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash">
        <property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默认是0 -->
        <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量,必须指定,否则没法分片 -->
        <property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一个实际的数据库节点被映射为这么多虚拟节点,默认是160倍,也就是虚拟节点数是物理节点数的160倍 -->
        <!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 节点的权重,没有指定权重的节点默认是1。以properties文件的格式填写,以从0开始到count-1的整数值也就是节点索引为key,以节点权重值为值。所有权重值必须是正整数,否则以1代替 -->
        <!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property> 
            用于测试时观察各物理节点与虚拟节点的分布情况,如果指定了这个属性,会把虚拟节点的murmur hash值与物理节点的映射按行输出到这个文件,没有默认值,如果不指定,就不会输出任何东西 -->
    </function>

    <function name="crc32slot"
              class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot">
        <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量,必须指定,否则没法分片 -->
    </function>
    <function name="hash-int"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
        <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="rang-long"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
        <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
        <!-- how many data nodes -->
        <property name="count">2</property>
    </function>

    <function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong">
        <property name="partitionCount">8</property>
        <property name="partitionLength">128</property>
    </function>
    <function name="latestMonth"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion">
        <property name="splitOneDay">24</property>
    </function>
    <function name="partbymonth"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
        <property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
        <property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property>
    </function>

    <function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod">
            <property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
    </function>

    <function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash">
        <property name="totalBuckets">3</property>
    </function>
</mycat:rule>

(3)schema.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

    <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
        <!-- auto sharding by id (long) 
        <table name="travelrecord" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" rule="auto-sharding-long" />-->

        <!-- global table is auto cloned to all defined data nodes ,so can join
            with any table whose sharding node is in the same data node -->
        <table name="test" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1" />
        <table name="users" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn2"/>

        <!-- <table name="oc_call" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1$0-743" rule="latest-month-calldate"
            /> -->
    </schema>
    <!-- <dataNode name="dn1$0-743" dataHost="localhost1" database="db$0-743"
        /> -->
    <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="dmeo" />
    <dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost1" database="test" /> 
    <!--<dataNode name="dn4" dataHost="sequoiadb1" database="SAMPLE" />
     <dataNode name="jdbc_dn1" dataHost="jdbchost" database="db1" />
    <dataNode   name="jdbc_dn2" dataHost="jdbchost" database="db2" />
    <dataNode name="jdbc_dn3"   dataHost="jdbchost" database="db3" /> -->
    <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <!-- can have multi write hosts -->
        <writeHost host="hostM1" url="localhost:3306" user="root" password="root">
            <!-- can have multi read hosts -->
            <readHost host="hostS2" url="127.0.0.1:3306" user="root" password="root" />
        </writeHost>
            <!--<writeHost host="hostS1" url="localhost:3316" user="root"  password="123456" />
     <writeHost host="hostM2" url="localhost:3316" user="root" password="123456"/> -->
    </dataHost>
    <!--
        <dataHost name="sequoiadb1" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" dbType="sequoiadb" dbDriver="jdbc">
        <heartbeat>         </heartbeat>
         <writeHost host="hostM1" url="sequoiadb://1426587161.dbaas.sequoialab.net:11920/SAMPLE" user="jifeng"  password="jifeng"></writeHost>
         </dataHost>

      <dataHost name="oracle1" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" writeType="0"   dbType="oracle" dbDriver="jdbc"> <heartbeat>select 1 from dual</heartbeat>
        <connectionInitSql>alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'</connectionInitSql>
        <writeHost host="hostM1" url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:nange" user="base"   password="123456" > </writeHost> </dataHost>

        <dataHost name="jdbchost" maxCon="1000"     minCon="1" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mongodb" dbDriver="jdbc">
        <heartbeat>select   user()</heartbeat>
        <writeHost host="hostM" url="mongodb://192.168.0.99/test" user="admin" password="123456" ></writeHost> </dataHost>

        <dataHost name="sparksql" maxCon="1000" minCon="1" balance="0" dbType="spark" dbDriver="jdbc">
        <heartbeat> </heartbeat>
         <writeHost host="hostM1" url="jdbc:hive2://feng01:10000" user="jifeng"     password="jifeng"></writeHost> </dataHost> -->

    <!-- <dataHost name="jdbchost" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" dbType="mysql"
        dbDriver="jdbc"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM1"
        url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306" user="root" password="123456"> </writeHost>
        </dataHost> -->
</mycat:schema>

(4)wrapper.conf
这里写图片描述

(5)环境变量配置
这里写图片描述

(6)在命令行切换到bin目录下,然后执行如下命令:
这里写图片描述
(7)启动成功如下所示:
这里写图片描述

(8)使用Navicat for Mysql可视化工具连接数据如下:
这里写图片描述
这里写图片描述

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