Pytest单元测试系列[v1.0.0][Pytest高级应用]

Davieyang.D.Y

于 2024-07-08 17:19:20 发布

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分类专栏：基于Selenium的自动化测试文章标签： pytest 单元测试测试函数定制fixture 编写插件 pytest插件

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dawei_yang000000/article/details/140274133

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编写测试函数

一个规范的测试方法一定带有断言，在使用pytest时，可以直接使用Python自带的assert关键字

Pytest	Unittest
assert something	assertTrue(something)
assert a==b	assertEqual(a,b)
assert a<=b	assertLessEqual(a,b)
…	…
Pytest允许在assert关键字添加任意表达式，表达式的值通过bool转换后等于False则表示断言失败，测试用例执行失败；如果等于True则表示断言成功，测试用例执行成功。

重写assert

pytest可以重写assert关键字，它可以截断对原生assert的调用，替换为pytest定义的assert，从而展示更详细的信息和细节。

from collections import namedtuple
Task = namedtuple('Task', ['summary','owner','done','id'])
# __new__.__defaults__创建默认的Task对象
Task.__new__.__defaults__ = (None, None, False, None)

import pytest


def test_task_equality():
    t1 = Task('sit there', 'brain')
    t2 = Task('do something', 'okken')
    print(t1)
    print(t2)
    assert t1 == t2


def test_dict_equal():
    t1_dict = Task('make sandwich', 'okken')._asdict()
    t2_dict = Task('make sandwich', 'okkem')._asdict()
    print(t1_dict)
    print(t2_dict)
    assert t1_dict == t2_dict

执行结果如下：

E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest test_three.py
=========================================== test session starts ==============================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.5.0, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.11.0
rootdir: E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts
plugins: xdist-1.29.0, timeout-1.3.3, repeat-0.8.0, instafail-0.4.1, forked-1.0.2, emoji-0.2.0, allure-pytest-2.6.3
collected 2 items                                                                                                                                                          

test_three.py FF                                                                                                                                                     [100%]

================================================ FAILURES ====================================================
___________________________________________ test_task_equality _______________________________________________

    def test_task_equality():
        t1 = Task('sit there', 'brain')
        t2 = Task('do something', 'okken')
        print(t1)
        print(t2)
>       assert t1 == t2
E       AssertionError: assert Task(summary=...alse, id=None) == Task(summary='...alse, id=None)
E         At index 0 diff: 'sit there' != 'do something'
E         Use -v to get the full diff

test_three.py:14: AssertionError
---------------------------------------- Captured stdout call ------------------------------------------------
Task(summary='sit there', owner='brain', done=False, id=None)
Task(summary='do something', owner='okken', done=False, id=None)
___________________________________________ test_dict_equal __________________________________________________

    def test_dict_equal():
        t1_dict = Task('make sandwich', 'okken')._asdict()
        t2_dict = Task('make sandwich', 'okkem')._asdict()
        print(t1_dict)
        print(t2_dict)
>       assert t1_dict == t2_dict
E       AssertionError: assert OrderedDict([...('id', None)]) == OrderedDict([(...('id', None)])
E         Omitting 3 identical items, use -vv to show
E         Differing items:
E         {
   'owner': 'okken'} != {
   'owner': 'okkem'}
E         Use -v to get the full diff

test_three.py:22: AssertionError
------------------------------------------- Captured stdout call ---------------------------------------------
OrderedDict([('summary', 'make sandwich'), ('owner', 'okken'), ('done', False), ('id', None)])
OrderedDict([('summary', 'make sandwich'), ('owner', 'okkem'), ('done', False), ('id', None)])
========================================== 2 failed in 0.20 seconds===========================================

加上参数-v，执行结果如下：

E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest test_three.py -v
=========================================== test session starts ==============================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.5.0, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.11.0 -- c:\python37\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts
plugins: xdist-1.29.0, timeout-1.3.3, repeat-0.8.0, instafail-0.4.1, forked-1.0.2, emoji-0.2.0, allure-pytest-2.6.3
collected 2 items                                                                                                                                                          

test_three.py::test_task_equality FAILED                                                                                                                             [ 50%]
test_three.py::test_dict_equal FAILED                                                                                                                                [100%]

================================================ FAILURES ===================================================
___________________________________________ test_task_equality ______________________________________________

    def test_task_equality():
        t1 = Task('sit there', 'brain')
        t2 = Task('do something', 'okken')
        print(t1)
        print(t2)
>       assert t1 == t2
E       AssertionError: assert Task(summary=...alse, id=None) == Task(summary='...alse, id=None)
E         At index 0 diff: 'sit there' != 'do something'
E         Full diff:
E         - Task(summary='sit there', owner='brain', done=False, id=None)
E         ?                ^^^  ^^^          ^^^^
E         + Task(summary='do something', owner='okken', done=False, id=None)
E         ?               +++ ^^^  ^^^          ^^^^

test_three.py:14: AssertionError
----------------------------------------- Captured stdout call -----------------------------------------------
Task(summary='sit there', owner='brain', done=False, id=None)
Task(summary='do something', owner='okken', done=False, id=None)
___________________________________________ test_dict_equal __________________________________________________
    def test_dict_equal():
        t1_dict = Task('make sandwich', 'okken')._asdict()
        t2_dict = Task('make sandwich', 'okkem')._asdict()
        print(t1_dict)
        print(t2_dict)
>       assert t1_dict == t2_dict
E       AssertionError: assert OrderedDict([...('id', None)]) == OrderedDict([(...('id', None)])
E         Omitting 3 identical items, use -vv to show
E         Differing items:
E         {
   'owner': 'okken'} != {
   'owner': 'okkem'}
E         Full diff:
E         OrderedDict([('summary', 'make sandwich'),
E         -              ('owner', 'okken'),
E         ?                             ^...
E         
E         ...Full output truncated (5 lines hidden), use '-vv' to show

test_three.py:22: AssertionError
-------------------------------------------- Captured stdout call --------------------------------------------
OrderedDict([('summary', 'make sandwich'), ('owner', 'okken'), ('done', False), ('id', None)])
OrderedDict([('summary', 'make sandwich'), ('owner', 'okkem'), ('done', False), ('id', None)])
========================================== 2 failed in 0.13 seconds ==========================================

预期异常

"""
在Task项目的API中，有几个地方可能抛出异常
def add(task):  # type:(Task) ->int
def get(task_id):  # type:(int) ->Task
def list_tasks(owner=None):  # type:(str|None) ->list of task
def count():  # type:(None) ->int
def update(task_id, task):  # type:(int, Task) ->None
def delete(task_id):  # type:(int) ->None
def delete_all():  # type:() ->None
def unique_id():  # type:() ->int
def start_tasks_db(db_path, db_type):  # type:(str, str) ->None
def stop_tasks_db():  # type:() ->None
"""

import pytest
import tasks

def test_add_raises():
    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        tasks.add(task='no a Task object')

"""
测试用例中有with pytest.raise(TypeError)生命，意味着无论with结构中的内容是什么
都至少会发生TypeError异常，如果测试通过，说明确实发生了我们预期TypeError，如果抛出的是其他类型的异常
则与我们预期的异常不一致，测试用例执行失败
"""

def test_start_tasks_db_raises():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
        tasks.start_tasks_db('some/great/path', 'mysql')
    exception_msg = excinfo.value.args[0]
    assert exception_msg == "db_type must be a 'tiny' or 'mongo' "

测试函数的标记

from collections import namedtuple
import pytest
Task = namedtuple('Task', ['summary','owner','done','id'])
# __new__.__defaults__创建默认的Task对象
Task.__new__.__defaults__ = (None, None, False, None)


@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_task_equality():
    t1 = Task('sit there', 'brain')
    t2 = Task('do something', 'okken')
    print(t1)
    print(t2)
    assert t1 == t2


@pytest.mark.dict
@pytest.mark.smoke
def test_dict_equal():
    t1_dict = Task('make sandwich', 'okken')._asdict()
    t2_dict = Task('make sandwich', 'okkem')._asdict()
    print(t1_dict)
    print(t2_dict)
    assert t1_dict == t2_dict

执行结果如下：

E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest -v -m 'smoke' test_five.py
======================================== test session starts =================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.5.0, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.11.0 -- c:\python37\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts
plugins: xdist-1.29.0, timeout-1.3.3, repeat-0.8.0, instafail-0.4.1, forked-1.0.2, emoji-0.2.0, allure-pytest-2.6.3
collected 2 items                                                                                                                                                          

test_five.py::test_task_equality FAILED                                                                                                                              [ 50%]
test_five.py::test_dict_equal FAILED                                                                                                                                 [100%]

================================================ FAILURES ====================================================
__________________________________________ test_task_equality ________________________________________________
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    def test_task_equality()