go标准库——优先级队列的实现

package heap_test
// priorty_queue是以个带权值观念的queue，它允许加入新元素，移除旧元素，审视元素值等功能

import (
	"container/heap"
	"fmt"
	"testing"
)

// Item 是我们在优先队列中管理的东西
type Item struct {
	value    string // The value of the item; arbitrary.
	priority int    // 队列中项目的优先级
	// The index is needed by update and is maintained by the heap.Interface methods.
	index int //在堆中的索引
}

// 优先级队列
type PriorityQueue []*Item

func (pq PriorityQueue) Len() int { return len(pq) }

func (pq PriorityQueue) Less(i, j int) bool {
	// 我们希望 Pop 给我们最高而不是最低的优先级，所以我们使用比这里更大的优先级。
	return pq[i].priority > pq[j].priority
}

func (pq PriorityQueue) Swap(i, j int) {
	pq[i], pq[j] = pq[j], pq[i]
	pq[i].index = i
	pq[j].index = j
}

func (pq *PriorityQueue) Push(x interface{}) {
	n := len(*pq)
	item := x.(*Item)
	item.index = n
	*pq = append(*pq, item)
}

func (pq *PriorityQueue) Pop() interface{} {
	old := *pq
	n := len(old)
	item := old[n-1]
	old[n-1] = nil  // 避免内存泄漏
	item.index = -1 // 为了安全
	*pq = old[0 : n-1]
	return item
}

// update 修改队列中项目的优先级和值。
func (pq *PriorityQueue) update(item *Item, value string, priority int) {
	item.value = value
	item.priority = priority
	heap.Fix(pq, item.index)
}

// This example creates a PriorityQueue with some items, adds and manipulates an item,
// and then removes the items in priority order.
func Test_priorityQueue(t *testing.T) {
	// Some items and their priorities.
	items := map[string]int{
		"banana": 3, "apple": 2, "pear": 4,
	}

	// Create a priority queue, put the items in it, and
	// establish the priority queue (heap) invariants.
	pq := make(PriorityQueue, len(items))
	i := 0
	for value, priority := range items {
		pq[i] = &Item{
			value:    value,
			priority: priority,
			index:    i,
		}
		i++
	}
	heap.Init(&pq)

	// 插入一个新项目，然后修改其优先级.
	item := &Item{
		value:    "orange",
		priority: 1,
	}
	heap.Push(&pq, item)
	pq.update(item, item.value, 5)

	// Take the items out; they arrive in decreasing priority order.
	for pq.Len() > 0 {
		item := heap.Pop(&pq).(*Item)
		fmt.Printf("%.2d:%s ", item.priority, item.value)
	}
	// Output:
	// 05:orange 04:pear 03:banana 02:apple
}